Table 1 Univariate analysis of the factors associated with qualitative data in HSPN patients with and without crescent formation

Gender, Male/Female

79/67

28/17

0.3491

Age, ≥8/< 8 years

87/59

28/17

0.8389

Age, ≥10/< 10 years

50/96

17/28

0.7792

Food intolerance, Severe/<Severe

51/80

16/24

0.9035

Upper respiratory tract infection, Yes/No

22/118

11/34

0.1833

Joint pain, Yes/No

60/82

20/24

0.7079

Abdominal pain, Yes/No

46/96

25/20

0.0053

Occult blood in stool, Yes/No

40/103

17/27

0.1790

Recurrence of HSP, Yes/No

22/120

12/33

0.0904

Season, Winter-Sping/Summer-Autumn

80/65

23/22

0.6329

Recurrence of skin rash, ≥3/< 3 times

9/136

7/39

0.0383*

Recurrence of skin rash, Yes/No

61/84

26/19

0.0646

Level of urinary protein, −/+/++/+++

81/32/28/5

1/8/18/18

<0.0001

Level of urinary occult blood, −/+/++/+++

14/39/58/35

1/5/10/29

<0.0001