Table 3 Logistic regression analyses examining protective effect on neonatal morbidity of various doses of human milk versus no human milk in first 4 weeks of life
From: Dose-dependent effect of human milk on Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants
Neonatal morbidity | Daily volume of human milk (ml/kg) | Univariate | P-value | Multivariate | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BPDa | 0 | OR = 1 |  | OR = 1 |  |
|  | 1–24 | 1.020 (0.666, 1.563) | 0.927 | 0.811 (0.496, 1.325) | 0.403 |
|  | 25–49 | 0.786 (0.515, 1.201) | 0.267 | 0.746 (0.459, 1.213) | 0.237 |
|  | ≥50 | 0.566 (0.410, 0.781) | 0.001 | 0.453 (0.309, 0.666) | 0.000 |
Moderate-severe BPDa | 0 | OR = 1 |  | OR = 1 |  |
|  | 1–24 | 0.690 (0.369, 1.291) | 0.246 | 0.501 (0.246,1.013) | 0.054 |
|  | 25–49 | 0.537 (0.279, 1.032) | 0.062 | 0.549 (0.267,1.129) | 0.103 |
|  | ≥50 | 0.505 (0.317, 0.803) | 0.004 | 0.430 (0.249,0.742) | 0.002 |
NECb | 0 | OR = 1 |  | OR = 1 |  |
|  | 1–24 | 1.358 (0.726, 2.540) | 0.338 | 1.208 (0.626,2.331) | 0.574 |
|  | 25–49 | 1.561 (0.863, 2.822) | 0.141 | 1.631 (0.870,3.059) | 0.127 |
|  | ≥50 | 0.330 (0.176, 0.618) | 0.001 | 0.314 (0.162.0.607) | 0.001 |
NEC(≥Bell’s stage 2)b | 0 | OR = 1 |  | OR = 1 |  |
|  | 1–24 | 2.208 (0.440, 11.093) | 0.336 | 1.244 (0.198, 7.823) | 0.816 |
|  | 25–49 | 2.029 (0.404, 10.188) | 0.390 | 2.037 (0.387, 10.714) | 0.401 |
|  | ≥50 | 1.114 (0.264, 4.698) | 0.883 | 0.854 (0.193, 3.786) | 0.836 |
Later onset sepsisb | 0 | OR = 1 |  | OR = 1 |  |
|  | 1–24 | 1.473 (0.902, 2.406) | 0.122 | 1.413 (0.851, 2.346) | 0.182 |
|  | 25–49 | 0.982 (0.588, 1.641) | 0.944 | 1.038 (0.607, 1.774) | 0.892 |
|  | ≥50 | 0.419 (0.269, 0.652) | 0.000 | 0.420 (0.263, 0.673) | 0.000 |
EUGRa | 0 | OR = 1 |  | OR = 1 |  |
|  | 1–24 | 0.877 (0.575, 1.339) | 0.544 | 1.287 (0.803,2.062) | 0.294 |
|  | 25–49 | 0.575 (0.380, 0.868) | 0.009 | 0.701 (0.434.1.132) | 0.147 |
|  | ≥50 | 0.461 (0.338, 0.629) | 0.000 | 0.685 (0.479,0.979) | 0.038 |