Table 3 Review of bacterial pathogen patterns in patients with CNLDO [8,9,10,11, 13,14,15,16,17,18]
Study | Year of study | Country | No. of cases | Age range (mean) | Positive culture rate (%) | Mixed infection rate (%) | Sample collection method | Dominant bacteria (%) | Sensitivity test (%) | Non-susceptibility (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zheng (our study) | 2017–2018 | China | 32 | 1.7–12 mons (6.6 mons) | 87.5 | 35.7 | Irrigation | Streptococcus pneumoniae (23.7) Streptococcus mitis (10.5) Haemophilus influenzae (7.9) Haemophilus haemolyticus (7.9) Neisseriae (13.2) | Chloramphenicol (88) Levofloxacin (84) Ceftriaxone (80) | Erythromycin (40) Sulfamethoxazole (32) |
Bekmez | 2017–2018 | Turkey | 70 | 12–36 mons (25 mons) | 28.6 | NA | Conjunctival swab | Haemophilus haemolyticus (20) Haemophilus influenzae (20) | Ciprofloxacine (85) Tetracycline (60) Gentamicin (40) Penicilin (40) | NA |
Prokosch | 2007–2012 | Germany | 132 | 0–60 mons (27 mons) | 97 | 87 | Pressure over LS or irrigation | Streptococcus pneumoniae (28.5) Staphylococcus aureus (18.3) Haemophilus influenzae (8.7) Moraxella catarrhalis (8.5) | Ciprofloxacin (99) Chloramphenicol (97) Tobramycin (95) Levofloxacin (95) | Penicillin (65) Erythromycin (41) Gentamicin (22) |
Wong | 2005–2010 | China | 16 | 0–84 mons (26.4mons) | 43.7 | 12.5 | Conjunctival scraping | Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.8) Haemophilus influenzae (12.5) | NA | NA |
Kuchar | NA (before 2000) | Austria | 47 | 8–36 mons (21 mons) | 70 | 40 | Pressure over LS | Streptococcus pneumoniae (36.4) Haemophilus influenzae (19.2) | Ofloxacin (84) Tetracycline (84) Chloramphenicol (84) Ciprofloxacin (62) Norfloxacin (60) | Neomycin (63) Gentamycin (54.8) Tobramycin (57.5) |
AL-Faky | 1998–2008 | Saudi Arabia | 141 | 1–108 mons (29.9 mons) | 87.9 | 25.4 | Pressure over LS | Streptococcus pneumoniae (48.1) Haemophilus influenzae (39.2) Moraxella catarrhalis (12.7) Staphylococcus aureus (6.6) | Bacitracin (NA) Polymyxin B (NA) | NA |
Prokosch | 2007 | Germany | 66 | 6–16 mons | 97 | 87 | Irrigation | Gram-pos: Streptococcus pneumoniae (31) Staphylococcus aureus (13) Streptococcus epidermidis (13) Gram-neg: Branhamella (12) Haemophilus influenzae (11) | Chloramphenicol (99) Fusidic acid (99) Ciprofloxacin (99) Levofloxacin (95) Tobramycin (95) | Erythromycin (41) Gentamycin (22) |
Usha | NA (before 2006) | India | 187 | 0–60 mons (14 mons) | 83 | 11.7 | Pressure over LS | Streptococcus pneumoniae (32.7) Haemophilus influenzae (31.3) Streptococcus viridans (14.7) | Gram-pos: Chloramphenicol (98) Vancomycin (82) Ofloxacin (75) Gram-neg: Ofloxacin (83) Ciprofloxacin (81) | Gram-pos: Tobramycin (90) Gentamycin (66) Gram-neg: Amikacin (44) Gentamycin (40) Tobramycin (43) |
Kim | 1996–1999 | Korea | 50 | 0.7–12 mons | 64 | 0 | Irrigation | Staphylococcus aureus (25) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.6) | Staphylococcus aureus: Vancomycin (100) Ciprofloxacin (87.5) Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Ciprofloxacin (100) Amikacin (100) | Getamicin (NA) Penicillin G (NA) |
Bareja | NA (before 1990) | India | 87 | NA | 67.5 | 0.9 | Conjunctival swab with or without pressure over LS | Streptococcus pneumoniae (28.9) Staphylococcus aureus (13.2) | Cloxacillin (77) Erythromycin (68) Gentamicin (46.9) | Penicilin (100) Streptomycin (97) Polymixin B (98) |
MacEwen | 1988 | UK | 158 | 0–12 mons | 19.6 | 0.6 | Conjunctival swab | Haemophilus influenzae (12) Staphylococcus aureus (8.9) Moraxella catarrhalis (2.5) | NA | NA |