Table 2 Participant characteristics
Characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|
Age (yr) ± SD | 3.64 ± 0.78 |
Male | 187 (67.5) |
Diagnosis | |
Autism | 86 (31.0) |
Developmental delay | 71 (25.6) |
Down syndrome (DS), Cerebral Palsy (CP), or epilepsy | 32 (11.6) |
Multiple diagnoses | 88 (31.8) |
Conceptual skills | |
Average or high | 38 (13.7) |
Limited | 171 (61.7) |
Low | 68 (24.5) |
Practical skills | |
Average or high | 24 (8.7) |
Limited | 142 (51.3) |
Low | 111 (40.1) |
Social skills | |
Average or high | 43 (15.5) |
Limited | 175 (63.2) |
Low | 59 (21.3) |
Parents’ educational attainment | |
9 years or below | 37 (13.4) |
10–13 years | 78 (28.2) |
14 years or above | 162 (58.5) |
Household monthly income (HKD) | |
20,000 or below | 109 (39.4) |
Above 20,000 | 168 (60.6) |
Toothbrushing is a difficult task | 171 (61.7) |
Types of toothbrush | |
Manual | 258 (93.1) |
Electric | 12 (4.3) |
Both manual and electric | 7 (2.5) |
Toothbrushing frequency | |
Never/occasionally | 44 (15.9) |
Once daily | 89 (32.1) |
Twice daily or more | 144 (52.0) |
Toothbrushing duration | |
Less than 1 min | 76 (27.4) |
1–2 min | 142 (51.3) |
2–3 min | 47 (17.0) |
Over 3 min | 12 (4.3) |