Interventions | Adherence (%) | p-value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Pre- intervention | Post- intervention | ||
1. Assess signs and symptoms of PIVE. | 88.68 | 100 | NS |
2. Assess peripheral IV infusion site/s hourly. | 100 | 100 | NA |
3. Identify high-risk drugs/infusates for PIVE. | 66.04 | 100 | <0.001 |
4. For high-risk drugs/infusates, assess peripheral IV site/s every 10 minutes. | 35.85 | 100 | <0.001 |
Administer high-risk drugs/infusates via a CVC. | 83.02 | 100 | NS |
5. Administer parenteral nutrition via a CVC. | 96.23 | 100 | NS |
6. Assess patency of peripheral IV device/s prior to drug administration. | 100 | 100 | NA |
7. Secure peripheral IV device with transparent dressing. | 100 | 100 | NA |
8. Splint extremities with a peripheral IV device in situ. | 100 | 100 | NA |
9. Assess patient for ECL. | 15.09 | 71.70 | <0.001 |
10. Confirm correct position of CVC tip. | 69.81 | 100 | <0.001 |
11. Initiate actions for managing PIVE at once. | 98.11 | 100 | NS |
12. Grade PIVE severity with infiltration scale. | 0 | 96.23 | <0.001 |
13. Implement management of Grade 1 and 2 PIVE. | 84.91 | 98.11 | NS |
14. Notify physician for Grade 3 and 4 PIVE. | 66.04 | 100 | <0.001 |
15. Administer Hyaluronidase for PIVE caused by non-vasopressor drugs/infusates. | 39.62 | 100 | <0.001 |
16. Administer Phentolamine for PIVE caused by vasopressor drugs/infusates. | 1.89 | 90.57 | <0.001 |
17. Initiate non-pharmacological pain relief for extravasation injuries. | 77.36 | 100 | <0.001 |
18. Offer pharmacological pain relief for extravasation injuries. | 79.25 | 100 | 0.001 |
19. Observe PIVE with intact skin hourly for 12 hours. | 5.66 | 90.57 | <0.001 |
20. Remove the CVC for ECL. | 77.36 | 81.13 | NS |
21. Initiate nursing interventions to manage ECL. | 16.98 | 81.13 | <0.001 |
22. Consult wound nurse for wound management. | 11.32 | 90.57 | <0.001 |
23. Document PIVE or ECL on extravasation record. | 0 | 100 | <0.001 |
24. Report extravasation injury to parents. | 7.55 | 96.23 | <0.001 |
25. Update progress of extravasation injury to parents. | 1.89 | 98.11 | <0.001 |
26. Incident reporting. | 0 | 90.57 | <0.001 |