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Table 2 Results of the included studies

From: Does zinc with and without iron co-supplementation have effect on motor and mental development of children? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Study (year)

Outcome

Assessment tool

Assessment time

Conclusion

Ashworth 1998 [32]

Development (motor, mental and behavior)

BSID-II

6 and 12 month of age

MDI: no difference PDI: no difference

Bentley 1997 [33]

Motor development

Time sampling observation method

Enrollment, 3 and 7 months of supplementation

Motor: no difference at 3 months follow up and better in zinc group at 7 months follow up(more time playing, sitting up and less time lying down and crying)

Black Baqui 2004 [22]

Development (motor, mental and behavior)

BSID-II

Baseline and 12 month of age

MDI: better in Iron+ zinc groupPDI: no difference

Black Sazawal 2004 [34]

Development (motor, mental and behavior)

BSID-II

6 and 10 months of age

MDI: no differencePDI: no difference

Castillo-Durán 2001 [35]

Development (motor and mental)

BSID-II

6 and 12 months of age

MDI: no differencePDI: no difference

Christian 2011 [36]

Motor (fine and gross) functioninggeneral intelligenceexecutive functioning

MABC and finger tapping testUNITStroop test, backward digit span, go/no-go tasks

7–9 years of age

Motor: no differenceMental: no difference

Colombo 2014 [37]

Development (motor and mental)

BSID-II

Baseline,12 and 18 months of age

MDI: no differencePDI: no difference

Gardner 2005 [38]

Development

4 subscales of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales

Enrollment and 6 months follow up

Hand and eye coordination: better in zinc group

Hamadani 2001 [39]

Development (motor and mental)

BSID-II

7 and 13 months of age

7 months assessment:MDI: no differencePDI: no difference13 months assessment:MDI: worse in zinc groupPDI: no difference

Heinig 2006 [40]

Motor development

Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)

4 (baseline) and 10 months of age

Gross motor development: no difference

Jimenez 2007 [41]

Development (motor and mental)

BSID-II

Baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age

MDI: no differencePDI: better in zinc group at 6 months

Katz 2010 [42]

Age at first walking unassisted

Pictures of 14 sequential motor milestones/

Weekly interview with the child’s caregiver

Mean age at first walking unassisted: no difference

Lind 2004 [43]

Development (motor, mental and behavior)

BSID-II

Baseline and 12 months of age

MDI: no differencePDI: no difference

Locks 2016 [44]

Development (cognition, language, and motor)

BSID-III

15 months of age

No difference in any domains of BSID-III

Mathur 2015 [45]

Neurodevelopment

Amiel-Tison method

40 weeks conceptual age and 3 month corrected age

Attention span: better in zinc group at 40 weeks conceptual ageHyper-excitability: higher number in control group at 40 weeks conceptual age and 3 month corrected age

Murray-Kolb 2012 [46]

General intelligenceexecutive functioning

UNITStroop test, backward digit span, go/no-go tasks

7–9 years of age

Motor: no differenceMental: no difference

Olney 2006 [47]

Motor development (the time it took for children to walk unassisted)

picture chart containing 14 gross motor milestones based on the work of McGraw

Every two week for one year

Motor: no difference

Olney 2013 [23]

Development (motor, social emotional, exploratory behavior and language)

Picture chart containing 14 gross motor milestones

Every two week for one year

Gross motor: better in iron+ folic acid+ zinc in 5–9 months group and better in iron+ folic acid in 10–14 months groupMotor activity: better in iron+ folic acid+ zinc in 10–14 months group

Pongcharoen 2011 [48]

Cognitive performance

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third edition (WISC-III; Thai version) and Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM)

9 years old

Mental: no difference

Prado 2016 [49]

Development (motor, language, and personal-social development)

Developmental Milestones Checklist II

18 months of age

Motor: no difference

Sazawal 1996 [50]

Activity levels

Observation and recording

12 to 23 months of age

Activity level: better in zinc group

Siegel 2011 [51]

Cognitive development

Information-processing measures that were part of the FTII and the A-not-B Task

39 and 52 week old

Mental: no difference

Sudfeld 2019 [52]

Development

Koh’s Block Design testVerbal Fluency testEast African Neurodevelopment Tools

6–8 years old

General intelligence: no differenceExecutive function: no difference

Surkan 2013 [53]

Development (parental report of Motor and Language Milestones)

Motor and language milestone instruments were adaptedfrom the Griffiths Mental Development Scale and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory

Baseline and three month intervals for one year.

Motor: no difference

Taneja 2005 [54]

Development (motor and mental)

BSID-II

4 months after supplementation

MDI: no differencePDI: no difference

  1. N/A the data is not available in the article