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Table 4 Comparison of cantons with regard to clinical data, as a function of presence/absence in each identified high-incidence cluster and after the exclusion of patients with a known potential confounding factor

From: Spatial analysis of hypospadias cases in northern France: taking clinical data into account

 

Neutral cantons

Cluster #1 North-West

Cluster #2 Center-East

p

N = 525

N = 117

N = 112

Clinical presentation

Form, N (%):

   

0.406

 Anterior

299 (57.0%)

74 (63.2%)

67 (59.8%)

 

 Middle

166 (31.6%)

35 (29.9%)

37 (33.0%)

 

 Posterior

60 (11.4%)

8 (6.84%)

8 (7.14%)

 

Chordee, N (%):

   

0.513

 None

299 (57.4%)

66 (56.4%)

74 (66.1%)

 

  < 45°

111 (21.3%)

24 (20.5%)

19 (17.0%)

 

  > 45°

111 (21.3%)

27 (23.1%)

19 (17.0%)

 

Pregnancy

IUGR, N (%):

   

0.452

 No

475 (90.5%)

110 (94.0%)

103 (92.0%)

 

 Yes

50 (9.52%)

7 (5.98%)

9 (8.04%)

 

Preterm delivery, N (%):

   

0.016

 No

460 (87.8%)

113 (96.6%)

102 (91.1%)

 

 Yes

64 (12.2%)

4 (3.42%)

10 (8.93%)

 

Multiple pregnancy, N (%):

   

0.892

 No

510 (97.1%)

114 (97.4%)

108 (96.4%)

 

 Yes

15 (2.86%)

3 (2.56%)

4 (3.57%)

 

Medical consultation

 Age at 1st medical consultation (months), median [IQR]

10.0 [4.75;20.0]

9.00 [4.00;21.0]

6.00 [3.00;17.0]

0.051

 Follow-up (months), median [IQR]

29.0 [20.0;60.5]

29.0 [20.0;63.0]

29.0 [19.0;57.0]

0.75

  1. Note: IUGR intrauterine growth retardation. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Kruskal Wallis test for quantitative variables and the chi-squared test for qualitative variables