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Table 2 Isotonic Cluster characteristics, after exclusion of patients with potential confounding factors

From: Spatial analysis of hypospadias cases in northern France: taking clinical data into account

Cluster

p

Cluster RR

Population

Isotonic level

Radius (km)

Number of cantons

Cases

Expected

RR for each level

1

< 0.0001

1.75

37,368

1

14.8

7

41

15.52

2.83

2

19.2

3

9

6.3

1.53

3

28.9

14

67

49.81

1.44

2

< 0.0001

1.65

37,369

1

2.4

2

13

5.39

2.55

2

6.2

4

37

15.95

2.45

3

8.3

4

24

19.70

1.29

4

12.6

9

38

33.99

1.18

  1. RR relative risk, Expected expected number of cases