Pediatric neurodevelopment by prenatal Zika virus exposure: a cross-sectional study of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Cohort

Table 2 SWYC neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children with severe and moderate Zika related microcephaly, children exposed without microcephaly and neurotypical controls

SWYC components	Study Groups				P Value (Σ²)
	Severe Microcephaly	Moderate microcephaly	ZIKV maternal infection ^a	Controls ^b
	(n = 114)	(n = 20)	(n = 94)	(n = 46)
Development milestone (Brazil), No. (%)
“At risk”/Needs review	113 (99.1)^c	13 (65.0)^c	13 (13.8)	10 (21.7)	< 0.001
“Appears to Meet Age Expectations”	1 (0.9)	7 (35.0)	81 (86.2)	36 (78.3)	< 0.001
Development milestone (USA), No. (%)
“At risk”/Needs review	114 (100.0)^c	14 (70.0)^c	19 (20.2)	12 (26.1)	< 0.001
“Appears to Meet Age Expectations”	0 (0.0)	6 (30.0)	75 (78.8)	34 (73.9)	< 0.001
Baby and Preschool Pediatric Symptoms Checklist, No. (%)
“At risk”/Needs further evaluation or investigation	55 (51.0)	13 (65.0)	40 (42.5)	28 (63.7)	0.70
Adequate	53 (49.0)	7 (35.0)	54 (57.5)	16 (36.3)	0.70
Missing	6	0	0	2

^aNormocephalic children born to mothers ZIKV PCR+
^bNormocephalic children, considered neurotypical controls
^cCells making the greatest contribution to significant results
Σ²test for trend: 151.6 (p < 0.0000001) OR: 1 (controls); 0.58 (ZIKV maternal infection); 6.69 (moderate microcephaly); 406.8 (severe microcephaly)
Σ²test for trend: 138.2 (p < 0.0000001) OR: 1 (controls); 0.72 (ZIKV maternal infection); 6.61 (moderate microcephaly); not calculated (severe microcephaly)

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