Variables | Pre-PECARN (N = 425) | Post-PECARN (N = 937) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, in years, mean (±SD) | 4.75 (± 4.67) | 4.42 (± 4.44) | 0.21 |
Age, in years, n (%) | |||
  < 2 | 135 (31.8) | 309 (33.0) | 0.66 |
  ≥ 2 | 290 (68.2) | 628 (67.0) | |
Male, mean (±SD) | 254 (59.8) | 534 (57.0) | 0.34 |
Severe mechanism of injurya, n (%) | 16 (3.8) | 35 (3.7) | 0.98 |
Symptoms, n (%) | |||
 Dizziness | 26 (6.1) | 54 (5.8) | 0.8 |
 Vertigo | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.04 |
 Amnesia | 11 (2.6) | 18 (1.9) | 0.43 |
 Nausea | 15 (3.5) | 27 (2.9) | 0.52 |
 Vomiting | 68 (16.0) | 136 (14.5) | 0.48 |
 Seizure | 4 (0.9) | 8 (0.9) | 0.87 |
 Vision changes | 3 (0.7) | 13 (1.4) | 0.3 |
 Altered mental statusb | 34 (8.0) | 39 (4.2) | 0.004 |
 Severe headache | 9 (2.1) | 19 (2.0) | 0.91 |
 LOC | 20 (4.7) | 39 (4.2) | 0.65 |
 LOC > 5 s | 17 (4.0) | 20 (2.1) | 0.05 |
Physical Exam findings, n (%) | |||
 Scalp Occipital/Parietal/Temporal Hematoma | 19 (4.5) | 44 (4.7) | 0.86 |
 Palpable skull fracture | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0.5 |
 Signs of basilar skull fracturec | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0.57 |
 Not acting normally as per parent | 9 (2.1) | 36 (3.8) | 0.1 |
 Altered mental status | 17 (4.0) | 38 (4.1) | 0.96 |
 GCS 14 | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 0.7 |
GCS 15 | 417 (98.1) | 920 (98.2) | |
Risk Stratification, n (%) | |||
Low Risk | 338 (79.5) | 752 (80.3) | 0.94 |
  < 2 | 116 (34.3) | 264 (35.1) | 0.8 |
  ≥ 2 | 222 (65.7) | 488 (64.9) | |
Intermediate Risk | 69 (16.2) | 145 (15.5) | 0.94 |
  < 2 | 13 (18.8) | 29 (20.0) | 0.84 |
  ≥ 2 | 56 (81.2) | 116 (80.0) | |
High Risk | 18 (4.2) | 40 (4.2) | 0.94 |
  < 2 | 6 (33.3) | 16 (40.0) | 0.63 |
  ≥ 2 | 12 (66.7) | 24 (60.0) |