Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 1003 child participants, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2018
Characteristics | n | % | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
Child-related factors | |||
Sex | |||
Female | 483 | 48.2 | 45.0–51.3 |
Male | 520 | 51.8 | 48.6–54.9 |
Multiple gestation | |||
No | 854 | 85.1 | 82.7–87.2 |
Yes | 149 | 14.9 | 12.7–17.2 |
Gestational age | |||
Higher or equal to 37 weeks | 777 | 77.5 | 74.7–80.0 |
Less than 37 weeks | 226 | 22.5 | 19.9–25.2 |
Birth weight | |||
Higher than 2500 g | 806 | 80.4 | 77.7–82.7 |
Between 1500 g and 2500 g | 158 | 15.8 | 13.5–18.1 |
Lower than 1500 g | 39 | 3.9 | 2.7–5.2 |
Surgical morbiditya | |||
No | 873 | 87.0 | 84.8–89.0 |
Yes | 130 | 13.0 | 10.9–15.1 |
Perinatal morbidityb | |||
No | 589 | 58.7 | 55.6–61.7 |
Yes | 414 | 41.3 | 38.2–44.3 |
Genetic syndrome | |||
No | 992 | 98.9 | 98.0–99.4 |
Yes | 11 | 1.1 | 0.5–1.9 |
Mother-related factors | |||
Maternal schooling | |||
Illiterate / Incomplete elementary school | 112 | 11.2 | 9.2–13.2 |
Complete elementary school / Incomplete secondary school | 271 | 27.1 | 24.2–29.8 |
Complete secondary School / Incomplete higher education | 523 | 52.3 | 48.9–55.2 |
Complete higher education | 94 | 9.4 | 7.6–11.3 |
Parity | |||
Primiparous | 504 | 50.6 | 47.1–53.3 |
Multiparous | 493 | 49.4 | 46.0–52.2 |
Number of prenatal care visits | |||
> 6 visits | 893 | 89.4 | 86.9–90.9 |
< 6 visits | 106 | 10.6 | 8.7–12.6 |
Tobacco use during pregnancy | |||
No | 914 | 91.8 | 89.1–92.9 |
Yes | 82 | 8.2 | 6.5–10.0 |
Morbidity during pregnancy | |||
No | 518 | 51.6 | 48.4–54.7 |
Yes | 485 | 48.4 | 45.2–51.5 |
Household income | |||
More than 2 MWs | 498 | 60.5 | 46.5–52.7 |
Less than 2 MWs | 325 | 39.5 | 29.5–35.4 |
Mothers working outside the home | |||
No | 545 | 54.8 | 51.1–57.4 |
Yes | 449 | 45.2 | 41.6–47.9 |
Mothers that study | |||
No | 879 | 88.1 | 85.4–89.6 |
Yes | 119 | 11.9 | 9.9–14.0 |
Maternity leavec | |||
Yes | 445 | 44.6 | 41.2–47.5 |
No | 553 | 55.4 | 51.9–58.2 |
Return to work | |||
Six months or more | 56 | 5.6 | 4.2--7.1 |
Between four and five months | 267 | 26.7 | 23.9–29.4 |
Less than four months | 93 | 9.3 | 7.5–11.2 |
Unemployed | 512 | 51.2 | 47.9–54.1 |
Did not answer | 72 | 7.2 | 5.6–8.9 |
Living with a partner | |||
No | 174 | 17.4 | 15.0–19.8 |
Yes | 825 | 82.6 | 79.7–84.5 |
Breastfeeding desire after birth | |||
Extreme desire to breastfeed | 932 | 93.0 | 91.1–94.4 |
Sometimes prefers a bottle with formula | 22 | 2.2 | 1.3–3.3 |
Breastfeeding desire varies | 38 | 3.8 | 2.6–5.1 |
Always believes that a bottle with formula is better | 10 | 1.0 | 0.4–1.8 |
Health service-related factors | |||
Skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room | |||
Yes | 464 | 46.5 | 43.1–49.4 |
No | 533 | 53.5 | 49.9–56.2 |
Place of hospitalization of newborn | |||
Rooming-in | 674 | 67.3 | 64.1–70.1 |
Neosurgical Intensive Care Unit | 55 | 5.5 | 4.1–7.0 |
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit | 273 | 27.2 | 24.4–30.0 |
Received orientation on breastfeeding in prenatal care | |||
Yes | 718 | 71.8 | 68.6–74.3 |
No | 282 | 28.2 | 25.3–31.0 |
Delivery type | |||
Transpelvian | 415 | 41.4 | 38.3–44.4 |
Cesarean | 588 | 58.6 | 55.5–61.9 |
Breastfeeding | |||
Feeding at hospital discharge | |||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 639 | 65.2 | 62.1–68.2 |
Supplemented breastfeeding | 272 | 27.5 | 24.3–29.9 |
Bottle feeding | 71 | 7.3 | 5.5–8.8 |
NB received Pasteurized Donated Human Milk | |||
No | 444 | 44.3 | 41.1–47.4 |
Yes | 559 | 55.7 | 52.5–58.8 |
NB cup fed during hospitalization | |||
No | 389 | 38.8 | 35.7–41.8 |
Yes | 614 | 61.2 | 58.1–64.2 |
NB bottle fed during hospitalization | |||
No | 848 | 84.5 | 82.1–86.7 |
Yes | 155 | 15.5 | 13.2–17.8 |
NB used a pacifier during hospitalization | |||
No | 856 | 85.7 | 83.0–87.4 |
Yes | 143 | 14.3 | 12.1–16.5 |