Neurodevelopmental outcome and respiratory management of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: a retrospective study

Table 3 The range of complications experienced and percentage of the affected individuals in 123 CCHS patients

Daytime hypoventilation	Number	Percent^a
Daytime hypoventilation	31	25.2
Tracheomalacia	13	10.6
Pulmonary hypertension	7	5.7
Hirschsprung disease	53	43.1
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	5	4.1
Constipation	15	12.2
Arrhythmia	24	19.5
ASD/VSD	2	1.6
Epilepsy	23	18.7
Autism	15	12.2
Learning disorder	5	4.1
AD/HD	3	2.4
Speech development delay	14	11.4
Encephalitis encephalopathy	3	2.4
Autonomic nervous system disorders	7	5.7
Breath-holding spell	8	6.5
Strabismus	16	13.0
Midfacial hypoplasia	12	9.8

^aMany patients had certain complications. The percentage is the ratio of the number of patients with complications to all patients

ISSN: 1471-2431