Table 1 Summary Table of identified instruments to measure quality of life in children with mental health problems
Instrument | Full name | Abbreviation | Developer | Domains | Age | Mode of administration | Preference based | Proxy? | Quality score (max10) | Items | Time to complete | Country of origin | Described in | Language availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHIP | Child Health and Illness Profile - Child Edition: Parent Report Form | CHIP-CE:PRF | Starfield et al. (1993) [18] | Satisfaction, comfort, risk avoidance, resilience, achievement, if necessary as a supplement to the parent-report form: disorders | 6–11 | parent-report form | no | yes, parents | 6 | 76 or 45 | 15–20 min | USA | Available in 38 languages | |
Child Health and Illness Profile - Child Edition: Self Report Form | CHIP-CE:SRF | Starfield et al. (1993) [18] | Satisfaction, comfort, risk avoidance, resilience, achievement | 6–11 | self-report form | no | no | 45 | 15 min | USA | Available in 38 languages | |||
Child Health and Illness Profile - Adolescent Edition: Self Report Form | CHIP-AE:SRF | Starfield et al. (1993) [18] | Satisfaction, discomfort, disorders, risks, resilience, achievement | 12–17 | self-report form | no | no | 153 | 30 min | USA | Available in 38 languages | |||
CHQ | Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 50 | CHQ-PF50 | Landgraf et al. [37] | physical functioning, role limitations-emotional/behavioral, role limitations-physical, bodily pain, behavior, mental health, self-esteem, general health perceptions, parental impact–emotional, parental impact–time, family activities, family cohesion | 5–18 | parent-report form | no | yes, parents | 6 | 50 | 10–15 min | USA | [19,20,21, 23, 24, 26,27,28,29, 31, 33, 35, 38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46] | Available in 50 languages |
Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 28 | CHQ-PF28 | Landgraf et al. (1998) [37] | physical functioning, role limitations-emotional/behavioral, role limitations-physical, bodily pain, behavior, mental health, self-esteem, general health perceptions, parental impact–emotional, parental impact–time, family activities, family cohesion | 5–18 | parent-report form | no | yes, parents | 28 | 5–10 min | USA | Available in 50 languages | |||
Child Health Questionnaire - Child Form 87 | CHQ-CF87 | Landgraf et al. (1998) [37] | physical functioning, role limitations-emotional/behavioral, role limitations-physical, bodily pain, behavior, mental health, self-esteem, general health perceptions, parental impact–emotional, parental impact–time, family activities, family cohesion | 10–18 | self-report form | no | no | 87 | 14 min | USA | [19, 21,22,23,24, 26, 28,29,30, 33,34,35, 38,39,40,41, 43, 45,46,47] | Available in 21 languages | ||
Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescent - Revised Version | KINDL-R | Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger (1998) [48] | physical, general, self-esteem, family, social contacts, school | 3–17 | parent- and self-report form | no | yes, parents | 5 | child 4–6: 12, 7–13 and 14–17: 24, parents 3–6 and 7–17: 24 | GER | Available in 28 languages | |||
PedsQL | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory | PedsQL | Varni et al. (1998) [54] | school functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, physical functioning | 2–18 | parent- and self-report form | no | yes, parents | 6 | 23 | 4 min | USA | [21,22,23,24,25,26, 28,29,30,31,32, 34, 38, 41, 43,44,45,46,47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55,56,57,58,59] | Available in > 70 languages |
TACQOL | TNO-AZL-Child-Quality-of-Life | TACQOL | TNO institute, Vogel s et al. (1998) [60] | physical complaints (body), motor functioning (motor), autonomous functioning (self), social functioning (social), cognitive functioning (cognition), positive psychological functioning (emopos), negative psychological functioning (emoneg) | 6–15 | parent- and self-report form | no | yes, parents | 2 | child 8–11: 63, child 12–15: 54, parent 6–11: 63 | 10 min | NL | Available in 9 languages | |
TAPQOL | TNO-AZL-Preschool-Children-Quality-of-Life | TAPQOL | TNO institute, [61] | physical functioning: sleeping, appetite, problems with lungs/stomach/skin, motor functioning; social functioning: play with peers, self-esteem, social comfort, problem behavior; cognitive functioning: understanding what others say, speech, elaborating in expressive language; emotional functioning: mood, anxiety and liveliness | 1–5 | parent-report form | no | yes, parents | 4 | 43 | NL | Available in 14 languages | ||
YQOL | Youth Quality of Life Instrument - Research Version | YQOL-R | [63] | sense of self, social relationships, culture and community, general quality of life | 11–18 | self-report form | no | no | 5 | 42 or 16 | USA | Available in 7 languages | ||
HUI | Mark 2 | HUI2 | McMaster University | sensation, mobility, emotion, cognition, self-care, pain, fertility | 5 and older | 5–8: proxy-administration, 8 and above: self-report form | yes | yes, parents | 2 | 7 | self: 8–10, interview: 3–5 min | Canada | Available in 32 languages | |
Health Utilities Index Mark 3 | HUI3 | McMaster University | vision, hearing, speech, ambulation, dexterity, emotion, cognition, pain | 5 and older | 5–8: proxy-administration, 8 and above: self-report form | yes | yes, parents | 8 | self: 8–10, interview: 3–5 min | Canada | Available in 32 languages | |||
AQOL 6D | Assessment of Quality of Life 6D for adolescents | AQoL 6D | Richardson et al. (2012) [66] | physical ability, social and family relationships, mental health, coping, pain, senses (vision, hearing and communication) | adolescents | self-report form | yes | no | 2 | 20 | 2–3 min | Australia | Available in 5 languages | |
EQ-5d-Y | EuroQol Five Dimensions Health Questionnaire, Youth | EQ-5D-Y | Wille et al. (2010) [68] | mobility, looking after myself, doing usual activities, having pain or discomfort, feeling worried, sad or unhappy | 8–15 | parent- and self-report form | yes | yes, parents | 6 | 5 | 5 min | international consortium | Available in > 40 languages | |
MSLSS | Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale | MSLSS | Huebner (1994) [70] | family, friends, school, living environment, self | 8–18 | self-report form, interview-administration | no | no | 4 | 6 or 40 | USA | Available in 2 languages | ||
QOLPAV | Quality of Live Profile: Adolescent Version | QOLPAV | Raphael [71] et al. (1996) | being (physical, psychological, spiritual), belonging (physical, social, community), becoming (practical, leisure, growth) | 14–20 | self-report form | no | no | 3 | 54 | Canada | Available in 1 language | ||
Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire | ITQOL | Klassen et al. (2003) [72] | 8 infant concepts: physical abilities, growth and development, bodily pain/discomfort, temperament and moods, general behavior perceptions, getting along with others, general health perceptions, changes in health; 5 parent concepts: impact-emotional, impact-time, mental health, general health, family cohesion | 2 months - 5 years | parent-report form | no | yes, parents | 2 | 47 or 97 | Canada | Available in 18 languages | |||
KIDSCREEN | KIDSCREEN | KIDSCREEN | EU consort (2001–2004) | 52 item: physical well-being, psychological well-being, moods and emotions, self-perception, autonomy, parent relations and home life, social support and peers, school environment, social acceptance (bullying), financial resources; 10 and 27 item: physical well-being, psychological well-being, parent relations and autonomy, social support and peers, school environment | 8–18 | parent- and self-report form | no | yes, parents | 6 | 52, 27 or 10 | 52 item: 10–20 min, 27 item: 10–15 min, 10 item: 5 min | European consortium | Available in > 35 languages | |
CHU9D | Child Health Utility Index 9D | CHU9D | Stevens (2009) [74] | worried, sad, pain, tired, annoyed, school work/homework, sleep, daily routine, ability to join activities | 7–17 | parent- and self-report form | yes | yes | 7 | 9 | UK | Available in 9 languages | ||
16D | Sixteen Dimensional measure of HRQoL | 16D | Apajasalo et al. (1996) [75] | mobility, vision, hearing, breathing, sleeping, eating, speech, excretion, school and hobbies, mental function, discomfort and symptoms, depression, distress, vitality, appearance, friends | 12–15 | self-report form, proxy-report form and interview-administration | yes | yes, parents | 4 | 16 | 5–10 min | Finland | Available in 5 languages | |
17D | Seventeen Dimensional measure of HRQoL | 17D | Apajasalo et al. (1996) [78] | mobility, vision, hearing, breathing, sleeping, eating, speech, excretion, school and hobbies, learning and memory, discomfort and symptoms, depression, distress, vitality, appearance, friends, concentration | 8–11 | self-report form, structured interview | yes | no | 4 | 17 | 20–30 min | Finland | Available in 4 languages | |
CQOL | Child Quality of Life Questionnaire | CQOL | Graham et al. (1997) [80] | getting about and using hands, doing things for self, soiling or wetting, school, out of school activities, friends, family relationships, discomfort due to bodily symptoms, worries, depression, seeing, communication, eating, sleep, appearance | 9–15 | parent- and self-report form | no | yes, parents | 3 | 15 | UK | Available in 1 language | ||
AHUM | Adolescent Health Utility Measure | AHUM | Beusterien et al. (2012) [81] | self-care, pain, mobility, strenuous activities, self-image, health perceptions | 12–18 | self-report form | yes | no | 2 | 6 | UK | [67] | Available in 1 language | |
CHSCS | Comprehensive Health Status Classification System - Preschool | CHSCS - PS | Saigal et al. (2005) [82] | vision, hearing, speech, mobility, dexterity, self-care, emotion, learn/remember, think/problem-solve, pain, general health, behavior | 2,5–5 | parent- and nurse-report form | yes but no valuation set available | yes, parents and nurse | 2 | 12 | 10 min | Canada/Australia | Available in 1 language? | |
GCQ | Generic children’s quality of life questionnaire | GCQ | Collier et al. (1997) [83] | 6–14 | self-report form, interview-administration | no | no | 0 | 25 | UK | Available in 1 language | |||
QWB | Quality of Well-Being Scale | QWB | Kaplan et al. (1976) [84] | chronic symptoms or problems, acute physical symptoms, mobility, physical activity, social activity including the role of expectations | all ages | self-report form, interview-administration | yes | no | 3 | 76 (QWB complete) or 10 (mental health subscale) | 10–30 min | USA | Available in 8 languages |