Table 1 Characterisation of study children: demographics, nutritional status, Infant and Young Child Feeding practices, infections and infection preventive practices and genetic features
From: Iron deficiency anaemia among 6-to-36-month children from northern Angola
Variables | Categories | n | N | Estimated proportion (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristic of children | ||||
Age (in months) | < 6 months | 155 | 948 | 16.4 (14.1–18.8) |
6–23 months | 520 | 948 | 54.9 (51.7–58) | |
24–36 months | 273 | 948 | 28.8 (26–31.8) | |
Gender | Female | 459 | 948 | 48.4 (45.2–51.6) |
Male | 489 | 948 | 51.6 (48.4–54.8) | |
Nutritional status and feeding practices | ||||
Anaemia | No | 527 | 912 | 57.8 (54.6–61) |
IDA | 177 | 912 | 19.4 (17–22.1) | |
Non-IDA | 208 | 912 | 22.8 (20.2–25.6) | |
Zinc deficiency | Yes | 58 | 687 | 8.4 (6.6–10.8) |
Zinc overload | Yes | 165 | 794 | 20.8 (18.1–23.7) |
Wasting | Moderate to severe | 93 | 942 | 9.9 (8.1–11.9) |
Stunting | Moderate to severe | 252 | 943 | 26.7 (24–29.6) |
Underweight | Moderate to severe | 191 | 943 | 20.3 (17.8–22.9) |
Exclusive breastfeeding (< 6 months) | Yesa | 74 | 150 | 49.3 (41.4–57.3) |
Continued breastfeeding (6 to 36 months) | Yesa | 413 | 786 | 52.5 (49–56) |
Minimum Dietary Diversity (6 to 36 months) | Yesa | 165 | 726 | 22.7 (19.8–25.9) |
Non-haeme Iron rich foods (6 to 36 months) | Yesa | 256 | 726 | 35.3 (31.9–38.8) |
Haeme Iron rich foods (6 to 36 months) | Yesa | 550 | 726 | 75.8 (72.5–78.7) |
Feeding frequency (6 to 36 months) | 0–1 times | 73 | 703 | 10.4 (8.3–12.9) |
2–3 times | 389 | 703 | 55.3 (51.6–59) | |
> = 4 times | 241 | 703 | 34.3 (30.9–37.9) | |
Infections and infection preventive practices | ||||
P. falciparum | Yes | 49 | 946 | 5.2 (3.9–6.8) |
At least one intestinal/urogenital parasite | Yes | 127 | 833 | 15.2 (13–17.8) |
A. Lumbricoides | Yes | 30 | 787 | 3.8 (2.7–5.4) |
G. lamblia | Yes | 59 | 783 | 7.5 (5.9–9.6) |
S. haematobium | Yes | 36 | 570 | 6.3 (4.6–8.6) |
Diarrhoea in the last 2 weeks | Yesa | 386 | 938 | 41.2 (38–44.3) |
Inflammation (CRP) | No | 465 | 850 | 54.7 (51.3–58) |
Malarial inflammation | 28 | 850 | 3.3 (2.3–4.7) | |
Non-malarial inflammation | 357 | 850 | 42 (38.7–45.3) | |
Sleeping under the bednet in the previous night | Yes | 391 | 913 | 42.8 (39.7–46.1) |
Treated drinking water | Yes | 685 | 932 | 73.5 (70.6–76.2) |
Main source of drinking water | Unsafe (river, lagoon) | 467 | 927 | 50.4 (47.2–53.6) |
Safe (piped, fountain) | 460 | 927 | 49.6 (46.4–52.8) | |
Main source of water for bath | Unsafe (river, lagoon) | 502 | 796 | 63.1 (59.7–66.3) |
Safe (piped, fountain) | 294 | 796 | 36.9 (33.7–40.3) | |
Place for faecal disposal | Unsafe (open sky) | 327 | 935 | 35 (32–38.1) |
Safe (latrine or buried) | 608 | 935 | 65 (61.9–68) | |
Wearing shoes at evaluation | Yes | 589 | 835 | 70.5 (67.4–73.5) |
Genetic features | ||||
G6PD genotype of females | B/B, A/A, B/A | 264 | 459 | 57.5 (53–62) |
B/A-, A/A-, A−/A- | 195 | 459 | 42.5 (38–47) | |
G6PD genotype of males | B, A | 271 | 479 | 56.6 (52.1–60.9) |
A- | 208 | 479 | 43.4 (39.1–47.9) | |
Sickle cell (HBB genotype) | AA | 629 | 848 | 74.2 (71.1–77) |
AS | 203 | 848 | 23.9 (21.2–26.9) | |
SS | 16 | 848 | 1.9 (1.2–3) | |