Table 1 Description of cases (patients attending the emergency department for injuries) and controls (patients attending for other causes but injuries). Numbers in the table are frequencies and percentages or medians and interquartile ranges. P-values are the result of two-tailed Fisher exact tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney rank-sum tests for continuous variables

Sex

Males = 164 (65%)

Males = 139 (47%)

p = 0.000

Age (years)

11.4 (8.6–13.8)

10.6 (8.1–14.3)

p = 0.424

Triage code

White, 46 (18%)

Green, 187 (75%)

Yellow, 18 (7%)

White, 97 (33%)

Green, 175 (60%)

Yellow, 22 (7%)

p = 0.000

For cases: type of injury For controls: main diagnoses

Trauma, 143 (57%)

Minor wound, 29 (12%)

Major wound, 26 (10%)

Compound fracture, 42 (17%)

Displaced fracture, 11 (4%)

Infection, 176 (60%)

Gastrointestinal excluding infection, 31 (10%)

Dermatologic, 27 (9%)

Neurologic, 24 (8%)

Cardiologic, 14 (5%)

Ortopedics excluding trauma, 11 (4%)

Ginecologic, 8 (3%)

Endocrinologic/hematologic, 3 (1%)