Characteristics | Total | Child with SAM | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | (%) | No | Yes | ||
398 | 100 | 94.2 | 5.8 | ||
Household factors | |||||
Place of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.780 |
  Urban Municipality | 236 | 59.3 | 94.5 | 5.5 |  |
  Rural Municipality | 162 | 40.7 | 93.8 | 6.2 |  |
Family type | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.758 |
  Nuclear | 178 | 44.7 | 93.8 | 6.2 |  |
  Joint | 220 | 55.3 | 94.5 | 5.5 |  |
Family size | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.012 |
  Average family size (±SD) | 5.7 (±2.6) |  | 5.7 (±2.7) | 6.5 (±2.1) |  |
   1–5 | 222 | 55.8 | 96.8 | 3.2 |  |
   5 or more | 222 | 44.2 | 90.9 | 9.1 |  |
Number of children | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
  Average number of children (±SD) | 2.1 (±1.3) |  | 1.2 (±0.4) | 1.5 (±0.5) |  |
   1–2 | 296 | 74.4 | 96.3 | 3.7 |  |
   3 or more | 102 | 25.6 | 88.2 | 11.8 |  |
Household income | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.050 |
  < average (Rs 30,121) | 294 | 73.9 | 92.9 | 7.1 |  |
  >average | 104 | 26.1 | 98.1 | 1.9 |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
  Relatively advantaged (Brahmin/Chhetri) | 143 | 35.9 | 98.6 | 1.4 |  |
  Relatively disadvantaged (Janajati/Muslims) | 155 | 38.9 | 94.2 | 5.8 |  |
  Madhesi and other unidentified) | 100 | 25.1 | 88.0 | 12.0 |  |
Toilet facility |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Yes | 323 | 81.2 | 96.3 | 3.7 |  |
  No | 75 | 18.8 | 85.3 | 14.7 |  |
Land size (n = 205) |  |  |  |  | 0.227 |
  Less than 0.5 ha | 101 | 50.3 | 96 | 4 |  |
  0.5 or more ha | 100 | 49.8 | 92 | 8 |  |
Kitchen garden | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 |
  Yes | 225 | 56.5 | 96.9 | 3.1 |  |
  No | 173 | 43.5 | 90.8 | 9.2 |  |
Food Insecurity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.008 |
  Food secure | 255 | 64.1 | 96.9 | 3.1 |  |
  Mildly food insecure | 41 | 10.3 | 92.7 | 7.3 |  |
  Moderate food insecure | 55 | 13.8 | 90.9 | 9.1 |  |
  Severely food insecure | 47 | 11.8 | 85.1 | 14.9 |  |
Child factors | |||||
Sex of child | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.452 |
  Male | 186 | 46.7 | 95.2 | 4.8 |  |
  Female | 212 | 53.3 | 93.4 | 6.6 |  |
Child age (months) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.018 |
  6–11 | 97 | 24.4 | 91.8 | 8.2 |  |
  12–23 | 137 | 34.4 | 91.2 | 8.8 |  |
  24–59 | 164 | 41.2 | 98.2 | 1.8 |  |
Mean age in month (±SD) | 24.3 (±15.4) | 24.8 (±15.6) | 15.6 (±8.2) |  | |
Mean MUAC (mm) (±SD) | 138.14 (±14.6) | 139.7 (±13.4) | 112.0 (±3.19) |  | |
Birth Order | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 1 | 185 | 46.5 | 97.8 | 2.2 |  |
 2 | 123 | 30.9 | 93.5 | 6.5 |  |
 3 or more | 90 | 22.6 | 87.8 | 12.2 |  |
Birth interval (n = 228) |  |  |  |  | 0.168 |
 Less than 2 years | 57 | 25.3 | 87.7 | 12.3 |  |
 More than 2 years | 168 | 74.7 | 93.5 | 6.5 |  |
Maternal level factors | |||||
Mother’s age at child birth (years) |  |  |  |  | 0.123 |
  15–20 | 49 | 12.3 | 89.8 | 10.2 |  |
  21–29 | 232 | 58.3 | 93.5 | 6.5 |  |
  30 and above | 117 | 29.4 | 97.4 | 2.6 |  |
Mother’s education |  |  |  |  | 0.022 |
  No education | 75 | 18.8 | 90.7 | 9.3 |  |
  Literate | 46 | 11.6 | 87 | 13 |  |
  Primary | 63 | 15.8 | 92.1 | 7.9 |  |
  Secondary | 117 | 29.4 | 97.4 | 2.6 |  |
  Higher | 97 | 24.4 | 97.9 | 2.1 |  |
Early initiation of breastfeeding | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.722 |
  Delayed | 159 | 40.0 | 93.7 | 6.3 |  |
  Within an hour | 239 | 60.1 | 94.6 | 5.4 |  |
Exclusive breastfeeding | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.013 |
  Yes | 270 | 67.8 | 92.2 | 7.8 |  |
  Less than six months | 128 | 32.2 | 98.4 | 1.6 |  |