Enteroviral and herpes simplex virus central nervous system infections in infants < 90 days old: a Paediatric Investigators’ Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) study

Table 3 Demographic, clinical and laboratory factors associated with unfavorable outcome following viral CNS infection by univariate analysis

Factors	Unfavorable Outcome N = 12	Favorable outcome N = 98	P-Value^a
Age at onset (d), median (IQR)	9 (5.5–18.5)	25 (14–33)	0.003*
History of seizure at onset or during treatment, n (%)	7/12 (58)	2/98 (2)	< 0.001*
Abnormal imaging, n (%)	7/11 (64)	4/22 (18)	0.02
Meningoencephalitis, n (%)	8/12 (67)	6/98 (6)	< 0.001*
^aIntensive care unit admission, n (%)	7/11 (64)	9/95 (9)	< 0.001*
Underlying virus, n (%)
HSV	4/12 (33)	3/98 (3)	0.002*
HSV1	1/12 (8)	2/98 (2)	0.29
HSV2	3/12 (25)	1/98 (1)	0.004
EV	8/12(67)	95/98 (97)	0.002
CSF white blood cell count (× 10⁶/L)^b, median (IQR)	104 (27.5–762)	147 (11–358)	0.75
CSF protein (g/L)^b, median (IQR)	1.0 (0.64–1.27)	0.74 (0.56–0.95)	0.12
^bCSF glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)	2.1 (2.0–2.45)	2.4 (2.2–2.75)	0.03
Extra-central nervous system disease, n (%)	5/12 (42)	8/99 (8)	0.005

Legend: CSF cerebrospinal fluid, HSV herpes simplex virus
*These variables remained significant at a p value < 0.004 after Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons
^aFor comparison of proportions, Fishers exact test (2-sided) was used; for comparison of medians, Mann-Whitney test was used
^bThe presence of one of more of parameters suggestive of bacterial meningitis (cell count > 1000 × 10⁶/L, Glucose < 2.0 mmol/L and CSF Protein > 1.0 g/L) in infants with EV or HSV infection were not associated with unfavorable outcome

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