Table 1 Characteristics of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients for Derivation and Validation Datasets

Baseline Characteristics

Derivation Set (n = 812)

Validation Set (n = 246)

p

Time, year

2016

2017

Mortality

207 (26%)

124 (50%)

0.41

Maternal Age, year

0.72

  < 20

54 (8%)

19 (8%)

 21–29

452 (65%)

150 (66%)

  ≥ 30

186 (27%)

59 (26%)

Parity

0.30

 1

409 (51%)

132 (54%)

  ≥ 2

400 (49%)

111 (46%)

Admission Age, hour

0.05

  ≤ 1

431 (53%)

113 (46%)

  > 1

381 (47%)

133 (54%)

Sex

0.75

 Male

488 (60%)

145 (59%)

 Female

325 (40%)

101 (41%)

Gestational Age, weeks

0.25

  ≥ 37 weeks

532 (66%)

150 (61%)

 32–36 weeks

193 (24%)

56 (23%)

  < 32 weeks

87 (11%)

40 (16%)

Birthweight, grams

0.03

  ≥ 2500

465 (57%)

127 (52%)

 1500–2499

263 (32%)

77 (31%)

  < 1500

84 (10%)

42 (17%)

Onset of Labor

0.09

 Spontaneous

666 (94%)

205 (91%)

 Induced

40 (6%)

20 (9%)

Duration of labor, mean (SD), hours

11.8 (9.7)

11.9 (10.8)

0.84

Rupture of membranes, mean (SD), hours

9.8 (31.2)

19.2 (77.6)

0.02

Delivery

0.03

 Vaginal

572 (70%)

191 (78%)

 C-Section

240 (30%)

55 (22%)

Antenatal Care

764 (94%)

234 (95%)

0.68

Maternal HIV positive

29 (4%)

10 (4%)

0.77

1st Minute APGAR, mean (SD)

6.5 (1.5)

5.9 (1.8)

< 0.001

5th Minute APGAR, mean (SD)

7.7 (1.5)

7.2 (1.7)

< 0.001

Suctioned at Delivery

161 (20%)

60 (24%)

0.12

Bag & Mask at Delivery

138 (17%)

65 (26%)

< 0.001

Intubated at Delivery

22 (3%)

3 (1%)

0.18

CPAP used on Admission

181 (22%)

83 (34%)

< 0.001

Admission Heart Rate

< 0.001

  < 100

14 (2%)

20 (8%)

 100–160

714 (88%)

202 (82%)

  > 160

84 (10%)

24 (10%)

Admission Respiratory Rate

0.24

  < 30

28 (3%)

25 (10%)

 30–60

481 (59%)

128 (52%)

  > 60

303 (37%)

93 (38%)

Admission Temperature, Celsius

0.38

  < 36.0

525 (65%)

157 (64%)

 36.0–36.4

90 (11%)

25 (10%)

 36.5–37.5

139 (17%)

40 (16%)

  > 37.5

58 (7%)

24 (10%)

Admission Respiratory Distress

0.0047

 None

396 (49%)

96 (39%)

 Mild

64 (8%)

20 (8%)

 Moderate

233 (29%)

82 (33%)

 Severe

119 (15%)

48 (20%)

Admission Level of Consciousness

< 0.001

 Alert

677 (84%)

167 (68%)

 Irritable

21 (3%)

4 (2%)

 Lethargic

91 (11%)

53 (22%)

 Comatose

23 (3%)

22 (9%)

Gestational Size

0.50

 Small for Gestational Age

263 (32%)

85 (35%)

 Appropriate for Gestational Age

502 (62%)

149 (61%)

 Large for Gestational Age

45 (6%)

12 (5%)

Head Size

0.84

 Microcephalic

51 (7%)

16 (7%)

 Normocephalic

447 (61%)

149 (63%)

 Macrocephalic

229 (31%)

72 (30%)