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Table 2 Healthcare Access and Adverse Family Impact among U.S. Children ages 0–5 years, by Prematurity Status

From: Healthcare access and adverse family impact among U.S. children ages 0–5 years by prematurity status

 

Very Low Birthweight

Low Birthweight and/or Preterm

Other Children

Healthcare Access

 Adequate Health Insurance

79.0%

73.6%

72.3%

 RR (95% CI)

1.09 (0.98–1.22)

1.02 (0.96–1.08)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

1.05 (0.95–1.16)

0.99 (0.93–1.05)

1.00

p-value

0.32

0.69

 Medical Home

42.2%

42.6%

51.8%

 RR (95% CI)

0.81 (0.59–1.12)

0.82 (0.72–0.94)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

0.88 (0.66–1.17)

0.91 (0.80–1.03)

1.00

p-value

0.38

0.14

 Developmental Screening

51.9%

37.7%

32.9%

 RR (95% CI)

1.58 (1.03–2.42)

1.15 (0.91–1.44)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

1.49 (0.96–2.32)

1.18 (0.96–1.44)

1.00

p-value

0.08

0.11

Adverse Family Impact

  ≥ $1000 Out-of-Pocket Expenses

13.5%

13.2%

12.3%

 RR (95% CI)

1.10 (0.67–1.81)

1.08 (0.83–1.39)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

1.06 (0.69–1.64)

1.20 (0.94–1.54)

1.00

p-value

0.78

0.15

 Parent Cut-back or Stopped Work

30.3%

8.6%

5.1%

 RR (95% CI)

5.95 (3.59–9.86)

1.68 (1.19–2.38)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

2.91 (1.86–4.56)

1.41 (0.98–2.02)

1.00

p-value

<.001

0.06

 Parental Aggravation

9.3%

4.3%

3.1%

 RR (95% CI)

3.02 (1.59–5.71)

1.39 (0.93–2.10)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

1.41 (0.83–2.39)

1.14 (0.76–1.71)

1.00

p-value

0.20

0.54

 Maternal Health Not Excellent

73.7%

76.8%

73.5%

 RR (95% CI)

1.00 (0.86–1.18)

1.04 (0.98–1.11)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

0.98 (0.83–1.15)

1.03 (0.97–1.10)

1.00

p-value

0.80

0.32

 Paternal Health Not Excellent

81.5%

72.4%

71.0%

 RR (95% CI)

1.15 (1.02–1.29)

1.02 (0.95–1.10)

1.00

 aRR (95% CI)

1.12 (0.99–1.28)

1.01 (0.94–1.09)

1.00

p-value

0.08

0.71

  1. Note. Each multivariable model included the following covariates in addition to prematurity status: child race and ethnicity, household language, household income, insurance coverage, children with special health care needs status, and one or more chronic condition(s). P-values are provided for the multivariable models that estimated adjusted relative risk ratios. For these models, the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold = 0.006
  2. Data source: 2016 & 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health
  3. Abbreviations: aRR adjusted relative risk, CI confidence interval, RR relative risk, U.S. United States