Variables | ciKMC group (N = 276) | Control group (N = 276) |
---|---|---|
HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS | ||
Wealth Quintiles | ||
  1 (Least poor) | 53 (19.2) | 57 (20.6) |
  2 | 50 (18.1) | 62 (22.5) |
  3 | 59 (21.4) | 51 (18.5) |
  4 | 55 (19.9) | 55 (19.9) |
  5 (Poorest) | 59 (21.4) | 51 (18.5) |
Religion | ||
  Hindu | 227 (82.2) | 223 (80.8) |
  Muslim | 48 (17.4) | 50 (18.1) |
  Othersa | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.1) |
Social classb | ||
  General | 64 (23.2) | 73 (26.5) |
  Other Backward Class (OBC) | 88 (31.9) | 93 (33.7) |
  Scheduled Caste/Tribe (SC/ST) | 124 (44.9) | 110 (39.8) |
Type of family | ||
  Nuclear | 67 (24.3) | 73 (26.5) |
  Joint | 209 (75.7) | 203 (73.5) |
Mean number of family members (SD) | 8.22 (3.5) | 8.30 (4.1) |
MATERNAL AND PATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS | ||
Mother’s age (in years) | ||
   < 20 | 32 (11.6) | 26 (9.4) |
  20–29 | 218 (79.0) | 233 (84.4) |
   ≥ 30 | 26 (9.4) | 17 (6.2) |
Mean maternal age (years; SD) | 23.14 (3.9) | 22.95 (3.6) |
Mother’s education (years of schooling) |  |  |
  Illiterate (0) | 110 (39.9) | 96 (34.8) |
  Primary (1–5) | 37 (13.4) | 40 (14.5) |
  Secondary (6–12) | 116 (42.0) | 121 (43.8) |
  Higher than secondary (≥13) | 13 (4.7) | 19 (6.9) |
Median years of education (IQR) | 5 (0–9) | 6.5 (0–10) |
Mother’s occupation |  |  |
  Employed outside home | 6 (2.2) | 4 (1.5) |
  Home maker | 270 (97.8) | 272 (98.5) |
Father’s age (in years) |  |  |
   < 20 | 5 (1.8) | 4 (1.5) |
  20–29 | 204 (73.9) | 212 (76.8) |
   ≥ 30 | 67 (24.3) | 60 (21.7) |
Mean father’s age (years; SD) | 26.70 (5.1) | 26.16 (4.4) |
Father’s education (years of schooling) | ||
  Illiterate (0) | 38 (13.8) | 27 (9.7) |
  Primary (1–5) | 50 (18.1) | 43 (15.6) |
  Secondary (6–12) | 155 (56.2) | 163 (59.1) |
  Higher than secondary (≥13) | 33 (11.9) | 43 (15.6) |
Median years of education (IQR) | 8 (5–11) | 9 (5–12) |
Father’s occupation | ||
  Employed in a government/private firm | 106 (38.4) | 119 (43.1) |
  Daily wage earner | 73 (26.5) | 53 (19.2) |
  Self-employed (own business/farming) | 87 (31.5) | 90 (32.6) |
  Unemployed | 10 (3.6) | 14 (5.1) |
BIRTH RELATED CHARACTERISTICS | ||
Place of delivery | ||
  Home | 89 (32.2) | 71 (25.7) |
  Government facility | 134 (48.6) | 149 (54.0) |
  Private facility | 53 (19.2) | 56 (20.3) |
Type of delivery | ||
  Normal | 272 (98.5) | 274 (99.3) |
  Caesarean section | 4 (1.5) | 2 (0.7) |
Birth order | Â | Â |
  1 | 107 (38.7) | 99 (35.9) |
  2–3 | 115 (41.7) | 129 (46.7) |
   ≥ 4 | 54 (19.6) | 48 (17.4) |
Median birth order (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |
Parity | ||
  Primiparous | 107(38.8) | 99 (35.9) |
  Multiparous | 169 (61.2) | 177 (64.1) |
INFANT CHARACTERISTICS | ||
Sex of the baby | ||
  Male | 112 (40.6) | 117 (42.4) |
  Female | 164 (59.4) | 159 (57.6) |
Mean birth weight (grams; SD) | 2051.3 (164.6) | 2066.0 (169.4) |
Mean gestational age (weeks; SD) | 35.6 (1.9) | 35.7 (2.0) |