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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the primary trial population (N = 552)

From: Community initiated kangaroo mother care and early child development in low birth weight infants in India-a randomized controlled trial

Variables

ciKMC group

(N = 276)

Control group

(N = 276)

HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS

Wealth Quintiles

  1 (Least poor)

53 (19.2)

57 (20.6)

  2

50 (18.1)

62 (22.5)

  3

59 (21.4)

51 (18.5)

  4

55 (19.9)

55 (19.9)

  5 (Poorest)

59 (21.4)

51 (18.5)

Religion

  Hindu

227 (82.2)

223 (80.8)

  Muslim

48 (17.4)

50 (18.1)

  Othersa

1 (0.4)

3 (1.1)

Social classb

  General

64 (23.2)

73 (26.5)

  Other Backward Class (OBC)

88 (31.9)

93 (33.7)

  Scheduled Caste/Tribe (SC/ST)

124 (44.9)

110 (39.8)

Type of family

  Nuclear

67 (24.3)

73 (26.5)

  Joint

209 (75.7)

203 (73.5)

Mean number of family members (SD)

8.22 (3.5)

8.30 (4.1)

MATERNAL AND PATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS

Mother’s age (in years)

   < 20

32 (11.6)

26 (9.4)

  20–29

218 (79.0)

233 (84.4)

   ≥ 30

26 (9.4)

17 (6.2)

Mean maternal age (years; SD)

23.14 (3.9)

22.95 (3.6)

Mother’s education (years of schooling)

  

  Illiterate (0)

110 (39.9)

96 (34.8)

  Primary (1–5)

37 (13.4)

40 (14.5)

  Secondary (6–12)

116 (42.0)

121 (43.8)

  Higher than secondary (≥13)

13 (4.7)

19 (6.9)

Median years of education (IQR)

5 (0–9)

6.5 (0–10)

Mother’s occupation

  

  Employed outside home

6 (2.2)

4 (1.5)

  Home maker

270 (97.8)

272 (98.5)

Father’s age (in years)

  

   < 20

5 (1.8)

4 (1.5)

  20–29

204 (73.9)

212 (76.8)

   ≥ 30

67 (24.3)

60 (21.7)

Mean father’s age (years; SD)

26.70 (5.1)

26.16 (4.4)

Father’s education (years of schooling)

  Illiterate (0)

38 (13.8)

27 (9.7)

  Primary (1–5)

50 (18.1)

43 (15.6)

  Secondary (6–12)

155 (56.2)

163 (59.1)

  Higher than secondary (≥13)

33 (11.9)

43 (15.6)

Median years of education (IQR)

8 (5–11)

9 (5–12)

Father’s occupation

  Employed in a government/private firm

106 (38.4)

119 (43.1)

  Daily wage earner

73 (26.5)

53 (19.2)

  Self-employed (own business/farming)

87 (31.5)

90 (32.6)

  Unemployed

10 (3.6)

14 (5.1)

BIRTH RELATED CHARACTERISTICS

Place of delivery

  Home

89 (32.2)

71 (25.7)

  Government facility

134 (48.6)

149 (54.0)

  Private facility

53 (19.2)

56 (20.3)

Type of delivery

  Normal

272 (98.5)

274 (99.3)

  Caesarean section

4 (1.5)

2 (0.7)

Birth order

  

  1

107 (38.7)

99 (35.9)

  2–3

115 (41.7)

129 (46.7)

   ≥ 4

54 (19.6)

48 (17.4)

Median birth order (IQR)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

Parity

  Primiparous

107(38.8)

99 (35.9)

  Multiparous

169 (61.2)

177 (64.1)

INFANT CHARACTERISTICS

Sex of the baby

  Male

112 (40.6)

117 (42.4)

  Female

164 (59.4)

159 (57.6)

Mean birth weight (grams; SD)

2051.3 (164.6)

2066.0 (169.4)

Mean gestational age (weeks; SD)

35.6 (1.9)

35.7 (2.0)

  1. aOthers: Christian/Sikh/Jain/Parsi/Zoroastrian/Buddhist/neo Buddhist; bGeneral- group that do not qualify for any of the positive discrimination schemes by Government of India (GOI), OBC- term used by the Government of India to classify castes which are socially and educationally disadvantaged, SC/ST- official designations given to groups of historically disadvantaged indigenous people in India; No statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between intervention and control group