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Table 2 Average 10-item ACE scores for children with common eleven comorbid diagnoses between FASD and non-FASD children

From: Association of adverse childhood experiences and neurodevelopmental disorders in people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and non-FASD controls

11 Most Common Diagnoses

FASD

Non-FASD

t

p

N

Mean

S.D.

n

Mean

S.D.

ADHD

84

5.36

2.60

67

1.78

2.12

9.12

<.001

Oral Comprehension

74

5.53

2.47

53

1.55

1.95

9.76

<.001

Sleep Disorder

62

5.56

2.56

55

1.80

2.26

8.39

<.001

Cognitive Impairment

60

4.85

2.58

32

1.87

2.25

5.49

<.001

Vision Problems

52

5.63

2.63

29

1.48

1.92

7.46

<.001

Anxiety Disorder

40

5.75

2.71

40

1.48

1.97

8.07

<.001

Speech Difficulties

42

5.50

2.50

38

1.55

1.86

7.95

<.001

Enuresis

26

5.11

2.83

23

1.48

1.53

5.48

<.001

Language Problems

22

5.55

2.79

24

1.29

1.81

6.19

<.001

Memory

31

6.00

2.48

7

1.71

1.98

4.27

<.001

Depression

22

5.86

2.27

14

1.79

2.01

5.48

<.001

Learning Disability

12

5.17

3.27

13

1.85

1.86

3.15

.004

Autism

4

5.00

1.41

20

0.90

1.83

4.20

<.001

Intellectual Disability

10

5.30

2.21

10

1.10

2.18

4.27

<.001

Hearing Disorder

10

5.50

2.59

10

0.90

0.88

5.32

<.001

Total Diagnoses

 0 to 3 Dx

12

4.75

2.63

36

2.11

2.28

3.34

.002

 4 to 6 Dx

46

5.13

2.42

49

1.20

1.57

9.45

<.001

 7 to 11 Dx

40

5.75

2.67

20

2.10

2.27

5.24

<.001

  1. Other Diagnoses not shown: Verbal/Performance Discrepancy (≥ 15 points), Tremors, Tics, Tourette’s Syndrome, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Encopresis, Cerebral Palsy, Alcohol Abuse, Substance Abuse, and Tobacco Use