Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the whole sample and statistical comparisons of clinical variables between GI and No-GI groups
Clinical variables | Values | GI | No-GI | p (No-GI vs GI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) mean ± SD | 4.14 ± 1.08 | 4.06 (1.05) | 4.19 (1.10) | NS |
Males n (%) | 71 (83.5%) | 26 (36.6%) | 45 (63.4%) | NS |
Females n (%) | 14 (16.5%) | 4 (28.6%) | 10 (71.4%) | NS |
ADOS-2 | ||||
CSS Social Affect (mean ± SD) | 6.43 ± 2.05 | 6.77 (1.91) | 6.29 (2.05) | NS |
CSS Restricted Repetitive Behaviors (mean ± SD) | 8.23 ± 1.46 | 8.43 (1.48) | 8.20 (1.45) | NS |
CSS Total (mean ± SD) | 7.05 ± 1.85 | 7.43 (2.01) | 6.95 (1.68) | NS |
GMDS-ER (65 out of 85 children were evaluable with this test) | ||||
Locomotor (mean ± SD) | 71.85 ± 18.53 | 70.92 (16.19) | 72.88 (20.03) | NS |
Personal-Social (mean ± SD) | 54.27 ± 20.00 | 48.96 (17.48) | 57.55 (20.72) | NS |
Hearing and Speech (mean ± SD) | 46.03 ± 22.38 | 42.87 (20.20) | 47.07 (23.32) | NS |
Eye-Hand Coordination (mean ± SD) | 66.64 ± 22.13 | 62.32 (20.07) | 67.72 (24.34) | NS |
Performance (mean ± SD) | 70.75 ± 23.33 | 67.80 (21.62) | 72.26 (24.36) | NS |
VABS-II | ||||
Communication (mean ± SD) | 50.86 ± 17.79 | 45.47 (15.22) | 54.46 (18.80) | 0.0274 |
Daily Living (mean ± SD) | 66.56 ± 17.07 | 61.13 (14.29) | 69.07 (17.51) | 0.0365 |
Socialization (mean ± SD) | 63.55 ± 15.02 | 60.93 (13.59) | 65.18 (15.83) | NS |
Motor Skills (mean ± SD) | 71.88 ± 17.85 | 69.83 (16.34) | 74.71 (17.69) | NS |
Composite Score (mean ± SD) | 59.40 ± 19.53 | 54.40 (18.51) | 62.29 (20.03) | NS |
CBCL 1.5–5 | ||||
Internalizing Problems (mean ± SD) | 63.85 ± 9.06 | 67.48 (7.80) | 62.06 (9.04) | 0.0065 |
Externalizing Problems (mean ± SD) | 57.10 ± 9.09 | 59.07 (7.55) | 55.82 (9.61) | NS |
Total Problems (mean ± SD) | 62.28 ± 10.51 | 65.35 (10.02) | 60.62 (10.30) | 0.0469 |
RBS-R | ||||
Total Score (mean ± SD) | 19.87 ± 13.87 | 20.07 (13.27) | 19.76 (14.29) | NS |
Total Endorsed Score (mean ± SD) | 12.76 ± 7.27 | 13.03 (6.78) | 12.62 (7.57) | NS |
Global Score (mean ± SD) | 44.18 ± 27.24 | 60.24 (20.77) | 38.12 (27.06) | 0.0016 |