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Table 3 Distribution of the principal polymalformations identified

From: Antenatal and postnatal diagnoses of visible congenital malformations in a sub-Saharan African setting: a prospective multicenter cohort study

Polymalformations

Number

Incidence per 1000 births

Myelomeningocele + hydrocephalus

5

2.4

Myelomeningocele + hydrocephalus + abnormalities of the lower limbsa

5

2.4

Thanatophoric dwarfismb

5

2.4

Beckwith Wiedemann syndromec

4

1.9

Polydactylies + club feet

3

1.4

Trisomy 21d

3

1.4

Sirenomelia (baby mermaid)e

2

0.9

Prune Belly Sequencef

2

0.9

labio-palatal cleft + Neural tube defect

2

0.9

Major aplasia of the earg

2

0.9

Hydrocephalus + clubfoot

2

0.9

Sexual ambiguities + limb deformity

2

0.9

VACTERL associationh

2

0.9

Cyclopiai

1

0.5

Labio-palatal cleft + microcephaly

1

0.5

Hydrocephalus + Labio-palatal cleft + phocomelia

1

0.5

Hydrocephalus + Sexual ambiguities

1

0.5

Thoracoabdominal ectopiaj

1

0.5

Achondroplasiak

1

0.5

Ethmocephalyl

1

0.5

Potter sequencem

1

0.5

Anophthalmia + arhinia + astoma

1

0.5

Arthrogryposis syndromen

1

0.5

Trisomy 18o

1

0.5

Other polymalformations

6

 

Total

56

 
  1. aMuscular atrophy of the lower limbs and/or feet
  2. bMacrocephaly + prominent abdomen + micromelia + narrow chest
  3. cOmphalocele + macroglossia + gigantism
  4. dFacial dysmorphism + low implanted ears + short and wide neck + single palmar fold
  5. eAbsence of external genitalia + anal imperforation + fusion of the lower limbs
  6. fAbdomen of batrachian + bladder
  7. gSevere hypoplasia of the ear flag + anomaly of the external auditory canal
  8. hAnal imperforation + joint stiffness or club foot + atresia of the esophagus
  9. iMicrocephaly + synophthalmia + arhinia + proboscis
  10. jLack of midline closure with thoracic and abdominal evisceration
  11. kMacrocephaly + prominent abdomen + rhizomic micromelia + narrow chest
  12. lHypotelorism + arhiny + proboscis
  13. mFacial dysmorphism + joint stiffness in the context of prolonged oligoamniosis
  14. nClubfoot + stiffness of the knees and other joints
  15. oFacial dysmorphism + low implanted ears + closed fists + finger overlap