Table 1 Frequencies of demographic and descriptive variables of mothers and fathers
Mothers (n = 634) | Fathers (n = 634) | |
|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic Characteristics | ||
Household Income (n (%)) | ||
$100,000/year or more | 398 (62.3) | 398 (62.8) |
$70,000-99,999/year | 135 (21.3) | 135 (21.3) |
$40,000-69,999/year | 69 (10.9) | 69 (10.9) |
< $ 39,999/year | 24 (3.8) | 24 (3.8) |
Missing | 8 (1.3) | 8 (1.3) |
Education (n (%)) | ||
Post Graduate | 170 (26.9) | 111 (17.5) |
University | 318 (50.2) | 277 (43.7) |
Trade, Technical | 99 (15.6) | 152 (24.0) |
High School or less | 40 (6.3) | 77 (12.2) |
Missing | 7 (1.1) | 17 (2.7) |
Marital Status by maternal report at 3 months postnatal | ||
Married/Common-Law | 621 (98.0) | – |
Single/Not Married | 8 (1.3) | – |
Missing | 5 (0.8) | |
# Children (n (%)) | ||
0 | 380 (60.0) | |
1 | 199 (31.4) | – |
≥ 2 | 51 (8.1) | – |
Missing | 4 (0.6) | |
Born in Canada (n (%)) | ||
Yes | 535 (84.4) | 515 (81.3) |
No | 94 (14.8) | 103 (16.3) |
Missing | 5 (0.8) | 16 (2.5) |
Ethnicity (n (%)) | ||
Caucasian | 564 (89.0) | 535 (84.4) |
Non-Caucasian | 65 (10.3) | 79 (12.5) |
Missing | 5 (0.8) | 20 (3.2) |
Risk Factor | ||
Stressful Life Events | ||
0 | 431 (68.0) | 381 (60.1) |
1 | 141 (22.2) | 127 (20.0) |
≥ 2 | 51 (8.0) | 62 (9.8) |
Missing | 11 (1.7) | 64 (10.1) |
Early Pregnancy Depression | ||
Non depressed | 533 (84.07) | 541 (85.38) |
Depressed | 95 (14.98) | 75 (11.83) |
Missing | 6 (0.95) | 18 (2.84) |
Late Pregnancy Depression | ||
Non depressed | 549 (86.59) | – |
Depressed | 68 (10.73) | – |
Missing | 17 (2.68) | – |
3 Months Postpartum Depression | ||
Non depressed | 554 (87.38) | 504 (79.50) |
Depressed | 68 (10.73) | 58 (9.15) |
Missing | 12 (1.89) | 72 (11.36) |
Perinatal Depression (depression symptoms above cut-off prenatally and/or postnatally) | 123 (19.4) | 67 (10.6) |
Mean [SD] | Range | |
Protective Factor | ||
Mothers’ Postpartum Social Support | 14.7 [2.1] | 3–16 |
Fathers’ Postpartum Social Support | 13.7 [3.0] | 1–16 |
Behaviour at 24 months | ||
Emotionally Reactive | 1.51 [1.55] | 0–8 |
Anxiety/Depression | 1.16 [1.35] | 0–7 |
Somatic Complaints | 1.38 [1.46] | 0–9 |
Withdrawn | 0.77 [1.06] | 0–7 |
Internalizing Total | 4.8 [3.9] | 0–25 |
Attention Problems | 1.96 [1.67] | 0–9 |
Aggressive Behaviour | 7.71 [5.48] | 0–32 |
Externalizing Total | 9.7 [6.7] | 0–41 |
Behaviour at 36 months | ||
Emotionally Reactive | 1.89 [1.67] | 0–8 |
Anxiety/Depression | 1.26 [1.40] | 0–7 |
Somatic Complaints | 1.56 [1.62] | 0–12 |
Withdrawn | 1.08 [1.17] | 0–7 |
Internalizing Total | 5.8 [4.2] | 0–20 |
Attention Problems | 1.85 [1.67] | 0–8 |
Aggressive Behaviour | 7.88 [5.24] | 0–29 |
Externalizing Total | 9.7 [6.3] | 0–31 |