Association of physical activity with adiposity in preschoolers using different clinical adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study

Arhab, Amar; Messerli-Bürgy, Nadine; Kakebeeke, Tanja H.; Stülb, Kerstin; Zysset, Annina; Leeger-Aschmann, Claudia S.; Schmutz, Einat A.; Meyer, Andrea H.; Munsch, Simone; Kriemler, Susi; Jenni, Oskar G.; Puder, Jardena J.

doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1764-4

Table 2 Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and adiposity

From: Association of physical activity with adiposity in preschoolers using different clinical adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study

a) Adjusted for age, sex and wear time
	BMI
	Total (n = 425)		NW (n = 321)		OW/OB (n = 104)
	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
TPA (cpm)	0.10 (0.02, 0.20)	.02	0.09 (0.02, 0.15)	.01	− 0.001 (− 0.14, 0.14)	.98
LPA (min/d)	0.05 (0.01, 0.10)	.001	0.05 (0.02, 0.08)	.001	0.01 (− 0.06, 0.08)	.80
MPA (min/d)	0.10 (0.05, 0.20)	.001	0.10 (0.05, 0.15)	.001	0.04 (− 0.08, 0.17)	.50
MVPA (min/d)	0.08 (0.03, 0.10)	.002	0.06 (0.02, 0.09)	.001	0.01 (− 0.06, 0.09)	.71
^bVPA (min/d)	2.20 (− 0.51, 4.83)	.11	2.08 (0.11, 4.05)	.04	−1.08 (−5.43, 3.28)	.62
SB (min/d)	−0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.02)	.001	− 0.04 (− 0.06, − 0.02)	.001	− 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.04)	.71
	Skinfold thickness
	Total (n = 395)		NW (n = 300)		OW/OB (n = 95)
	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
TPA (cpm)	−0.16 (− 0.51, 0.19)	.37	0.05 (− 0.30, 0.39)	.80	− 0.79 (−1.52, − 0.06)	.04
LPA (min/d)	0.07 (− 0.09, 0.23)	.40	0.11 (− 0.05, 0.26)	.19	− 0.26 (− 0.64, 0.13)	.19
MPA (min/d)	0.09 (− 0.19, 0.38)	.52	0.18 (−0.09, 0.46)	.19	−0.42 (−1.09, 0.25)	.21
MVPA (min/d)	−0.03 (− 0.22, 0.17)	.79	0.04 (− 0.15, 0.23)	.66	− 0.33 (− 0.75, 0.09)	.12
^bVPA (min/d)	−7.22 (−17.82, −3.39)	.18	−1.77 (− 12.10, 8.57)	.74	−22.97 (−46.54, 0.60)	.06
SB (min/d)	− 0.03 (− 0.14,0.08)	.59	− 0.07 (− 0.17, 0.04)	.20	0.21 (− 0.04, 0.46)	.10
	Waist circumference
	Total (n = 416)		NW (n = 314)		OW/OB (n = 102)
	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
TPA (cpm)	0.16 (−0.07, 0.39)	.16	0.17 (− 0.05, 0.39)	.13	0.02 (− 0.38, 0.42)	.92
LPA (min/d)	0.05 (− 0.06, 0.15)	.38	0.07 (− 0.03, 0.16)	.20	−0.10 (− 0.30, 0.10)	.34
MPA (min/d)	0.26 (0.07, 0.44)	.006	0.25 (0.08, 0.42)	.004	0.05 (−0.31, 0.41)	.79
MVPA (min/d)	0.15 (0.03, 0.27)	.02	0.13 (0.02, 0.25)	.03	0.06 (−0.02, 0.29)	.57
^bVPA (min/d)	4.51 (−2.27, 11.28)	.19	4.65 (−1.75, 11.06)	.10	2.67 (−10.03, 15.36)	.68
SB (min/d)	−0.07 (−0.14, − 0.004)	.04	−0.08 (− 0.14, 0.01)	.02	0.01 (− 0.12, 0.14)	.87
b) Adjusted for age, sex, wear time, sociocultural and biological confounding variables^a
	BMI
	Total (n = 391)		NW (n = 298)		OW/OB (n = 93)
	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
TPA (cpm)	0.07 (−0.03, 0.16)	.16	0.07 (0.001, 0.14)	.048	−0.005 (− 0.16, 0.15)	.94
LPA (min/d)	0.03 (−0.01, 0.07)	.21	0.04 (0.01, 0.07)	.02	−0.01 (− 0.09, 0.06)	.76
MPA (min/d)	0.11 (0.02, 0.17)	.01	0.09 (0.03, 0.14)	.002	0.03 (−0.10, 0.16)	.65
MVPA (min/d)	0.06 (0.01, 0.11)	.03	0.05 (0.01, 0.09)	.01	0.01 (−0.07, 0.01)	.75
^bVPA (min/d)	1.30 (−1.44, 4.11)	.34	1.66 (−0.44, 2.57)	.12	−0.90 (−5.40, 3.59)	.69
SB (min/d)	−0.03 (− 0.06, − 0.003)	.03	−0.04 (− 0.06, − 0.01)	.001	−0.0002 (− 0.05, 0.05)	.99
	Skinfold thickness
	Total (n = 362)		NW (n = 277)		OW/OB (n = 85)
	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
TPA (cpm)	−0.18 (−0.57, 0.20)	.35	0.06 (−0.32, 0.44)	.75	−0.57 (−1.36, 0.22)	.15
LPA (min/d)	0.06 (−0.11, 0.24)	.49	0.16 (−0.01, 0.32)	.07	−0.32 (− 0.69, 0.06)	.10
MPA (min/d)	0.07 (−0.24, 0.39)	.65	0.20 (−0.09, 0.51)	.18	−0.34 (−1.01, 0.33)	.32
MVPA (min/d)	−0.04 (− 0.25, 0.17)	.69	0.04 (− 0.16, 0.25)	.69	− 0.18 (− 0.61, 0.26)	.42
^bVPA (min/d)	−9.67 (−21.22, 1.89)	.10	−3.55 (−14.92, 7.82)	.54	−16.28 (−40.19, −7.63)	.18
SB (min/d)	−0.03 (− 0.15, 0.10)	.68	−0.09 (− 0.21, 0.02)	.10	0.18 (− 0.07 0.44)	.16
	Waist circumference
	Total (n = 386)		NW (n = 294)		OW/OB (n = 92)
	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	β-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
TPA (cpm)	0.09 (−0.14, 0.34)	.43	0.14 (− 0.09, 0.37)	.22	0.07 (− 0.40, 0.53)	.77
LPA (min/d)	0.03 (−0.08, 0.14)	.61	0.05 (−0.05, 0.16)	.30	−0.07 (− 0.29, 0.15)	.55
MPA (min/d)	0.22 (0.02, 0.41)	.03	0.23 (0.05, 0.41)	.01	0.08 (−0.31, 0.47)	.68
MVPA (min/d)	0.10 (−0.02, 0.25)	.08	0.11 (−0.01, 0.24)	.07	0.09 (−0.16, 0.34)	.47
^bVPA (min/d)	1.74 (−5.42, 8.91)	.63	2.85 (−3.99, 9.69)	.41	2.49 (−11.08, 16.06)	.72
SB (min/d)	−0.06 (−0.13, 0.02)	.14	−0.07 (− 0.14, 0.003)	.06	−0.01 (− 0.16, 0.13)	.84

Data are shown using 15-s epoch uniaxial vector
^aAnalyses are adjusted for age, sex, wear time, International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI), socio-cultural region, and maternal BMI
Data are shown per changes in 100 cpm and per 10 min intervals for the time in the respective intensities
NW normal-weight, OW/OB overweight/obese, CI confidence interval, TPA total physical activity, LPA light physical activity,MPA moderate physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, VPA vigorous physical activity, SB sedentary behaviour, cpm counts per minute, min/d minutes per day
Weight status, NW and OW/OB, were defined using the WHO criteria [35]
^bvalues are log-transformed
Data in bold signifies p < 0.05

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