Table 1 Socioeconomic, maternal and child characteristics of the mother-infant dyads in the analyses, compared to those who were lost to follow up
|  | Not lost to follow-up (Mean ± SD) | Lost to follow-up (Mean ± SD) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | n = 3530 | n = 481 |  |
 Age, (y) | 21.9 ± 4.9 | 22.4 ± 5.6 | 0.023 |
 Height (cm) | 150.6 ± 5.4 | 149.9 ± 5.3 | 0.005 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 20.0 ± 2.7 | 19.9 ± 2.7 | 0.752 |
 Years of education | 6.3 ± 3.2 | 5.6 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
 Nulliparous, n (%) | 1404 (39.8) | 187 (39.4) | 0.886 |
 Maternal depression score in the top decile (%) | 9.6 | 10.8 | 0.190 |
 Gestational age at enrolment, (d) | 92.0 ± 26.9 | 91.2 ± 24.4 | 0.505 |
 Gestational age at birth (wk) | 39.4 ± 2.2 | 37.9 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
Type of toilet (%) | Â | Â | 0.231 |
 Best | 13.1 | 10.4 |  |
 Intermediate | 25.6 | 25.8 |  |
 Worse | 61.3 | 63.8 |  |
Better garbage disposal (%) | 74.7 | 74.2 | 0.855 |
Number of children < 5 y in the household | 0.43 ± 0.60 | 0.39 ± 0.60 | 0.319 |
Nuclear family (%) | 73.7 | 79.8 | 0.007 |
Household asset index | 0.04 ± 2.27 | −0.33 ± 2.12 | 0.003 |
Household food insecurity, n, (%) | Â | Â | 0.039 |
 Food secure | 1696 (48.0) | 205 (42.6) |  |
 Mildly food insecure | 506 (14.3) | 75 (15.6) |  |
 Moderately food insecure | 1020 (28.9) | 143 (29.7) |  |
 Severely food insecure | 308 (8.7) | 58 (12.1) |  |
Child characteristics | n = 3517 | n = 228 |  |
 Sex, male, n, (%) | 1770 (50.3) | 110 (48.2) | 0.589 |
 Stunting at birth (%) | 21.0 | 54.9 | < 0.001 |
 Perceived as healthy (%) | 91.7 | 54.2 | < 0.001 |
 Prematurity (%) | 13.1 | 39.4 | < 0.001 |
 Birth weight (g) | 2610 ± 400 | 2160 ± 600 | < 0.001 |