Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study children with caregiver-reported attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) or neurotypical (NT) development
Covariate | NT (N = 534) | ADHD (N = 93) | P a |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Characteristic | Mean ± SD or N (%) |  | |
 Age at delivery (years) | 30.1 ± 5.2 | 30.0 ± 5.3 | 0.814 |
 Race |  |  | 0.980 |
  White | 127 (23.8%) | 23 (24.7%) |  |
  Black | 325 (60.9%) | 56 (60.2%) |  |
  Mixed/Other | 82 (15.4%) | 14 (15.1%) |  |
 Marital status |  |  | 0.634 |
  Unmarried | 176 (33.0%) | 33 (35.5%) |  |
  Married | 358 (67.0%) | 60 (64.5%) |  |
 Household income |  |  | 0.208 |
  < $20,000 | 53 (9.9%) | 14 (15.1%) |  |
  $20,000- < $40,000 | 118 (22.1%) | 25 (26.9%) |  |
  $40,000- < $80,000 | 142 (26.6%) | 27 (29.0%) |  |
  $80,000- < $100,000 | 75 (14.0%) | 10 (10.8%) |  |
  ≥ $100,000 | 83 (15.5%) | 7 (7.5%) |  |
  Refused to answer | 63 (11.8%) | 10 (10.8%) |  |
 Education |  |  | 0.097 |
  < High school diploma | 20 (3.7%) | 2 (2.2%) |  |
  High school diploma | 81 (15.2%) | 14 (15.1%) |  |
  Some college | 235 (44.0%) | 53 (57.0%) |  |
  ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 198 (37.1%) | 24 (25.8%) |  |
 Smoked during pregnancy |  |  | 0.600 |
  No | 491 (91.9%) | 84 (90.3%) |  |
  Yes | 43 (8.1%) | 9 (9.7%) |  |
 Prenatal ETS exposure |  |  | 0.303 |
  No | 411 (77.0%) | 67 (72.0%) |  |
  Yes | 123 (23.0%) | 26 (28.0%) |  |
 Prenatal antibiotic use |  |  | 0.774 |
  No | 192 (45.2%) | 38 (46.9%) |  |
  Yes | 233 (54.8%) | 43 (53.1%) |  |
 Prenatal antifungal use |  |  | 0.004 |
  No | 356 (83.8%) | 57 (70.4%) |  |
  Yes | 69 (16.2%) | 24 (29.6%) |  |
 BMI from first prenatal visit (kg/m2)b | 30.3 ± 7.7 (N = 495) | 33.1 ± 9.6 (N = 87) | 0.002 |
 Prenatal indoor dog(s) |  |  | 0.308 |
  No | 400 (74.9%) | 65 (69.9%) |  |
  Yes | 134 (25.1%) | 28 (30.1%) |  |
 Prenatal indoor cat(s) |  |  | 0.863 |
  No | 444 (83.1%) | 78 (83.9%) |  |
  Yes | 90 (16.9%) | 15 (16.1%) |  |
Child Characteristic | |||
 Mode of delivery |  |  | 0.513 |
  Vaginal | 332 (62.3%) | 54 (58.7%) |  |
  C-section | 201 (37.7%) | 38 (41.3%) |  |
 Firstborn |  |  | 0.343 |
  No | 332 (62.2%) | 53 (57.0%) |  |
  Yes | 202 (37.8%) | 40 (43.0%) |  |
 Gestational age at delivery (weeks)b | 38.8 ± 1.6 (N = 529) | 38.3 ± 2.2 (N = 91) | 0.007 |
 Preterm birth |  |  | 0.018 |
  No | 492 (93.0%) | 78 (85.7%) |  |
  Yes | 37 (7.0%) | 13 (14.3%) |  |
 Birthweight (g)b | 3352 ± 573 (N = 514) | 3300 ± 680 (N = 84) | 0.453 |
 Low birth weight |  |  | 0.229 |
  No | 483 (94.0%) | 76 (90.5%) |  |
  Yes | 31 (6.0%) | 8 (9.5%) |  |
 Child sex |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Male | 237 (44.4%) | 69 (74.2%) |  |
  Female | 297 (55.6%) | 24 (25.8%) |  |
 Child age at 10–12-year visit (years) | 10.3 ± 0.9 | 10.3 ± 1.0 | 0.646 |