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Table 3 Comparison with Wilcoxon rank sum test and using Bonferroni step-down correction for p-values

From: Increased liver echogenicity and liver enzymes are associated with extreme obesity, adolescent age and male gender: analysis from the German/Austrian/Swiss obesity registry APV

n (%)

Normal liver echogenicity

Pathological liver echogenicity

P-value

Normal liver enzymes (< 25 U/L)

Elevated liver Enzymes (> 25 U/L)

P-value

Normal liver enzymes (< 50 U/L)

Elevated liver Enzymes (> 50 U/L)

P-value

n = 575

(56%)

n = 458

(44%)

n = 369

(36%)

n = 664

(64%)

n = 859

(83%)

n = 174

(17%)

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Age (years)

12.7 ± 2.9

13.5 ± 2.8

< 0.0001

12.9 ± 2.9

13.1 ± 2.8

n.s.

12.9 ± 2.9

13.8 ± 2.8

0.001

Height (cm)

157.9 ± 14.6

161.6 ± 13.5

n.s.

158.3 ± 14.2

160.2 ± 14.3

n.s.

158.7 ± 14.3

163.9 ± 13.6

n.s.

Weight (kg)

79.4 ± 24.6

90.3 ± 25.5

< 0.0001

79.5 ± 24.4

86.8 ± 25.9

0.003

82.0 ± 24.8

95.3 ± 26.5

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

31.2 ± 5.9

34.0 ± 6.2

< 0.0001

31.1 ± 6.0

33.2 ± 6.1

< 0.0001

31.9 ± 6.1

34.9 ± 5.9

< 0.0001

AST (U/L)

25.0 ± 15.7

33.3 ± 27.4

< 0.0001

14.4 ± 9.3

35.8 ± 23.1

< 0.0001

23.2 ± 10.4

54.5 ± 38.4

< 0.0001

ALT (U/L)

24.9 ± 23.0

40.1 ± 37.0

< 0.0001

11.9 ± 9.0

42.6 ± 33.3

< 0.0001

22.1 ± 12.3

78.5 ± 47.7

< 0.0001

gammaGT (U/L)

19.7 ± 17.9

27.3 ± 22.9

< 0.0001

14.2 ± 5.2

26.2 ± 23.1

< 0.0001

18.2 ± 7.1

43.7 ± 38.6

< 0.0001

SBP (mmHg)

123.9 ± 14.9

126.3 ± 14.2

n.s.

122.5 ± 15.6

126.3 ± 13.9

0.0002

124.3 ± 14.9

128.1 ± 13.1

0.016

DBP (mmHg)

73.2 ± 10.3

74.3 ± 10.5

n.s.

72.9 ± 10.3

74.1 ± 10.4

n.s.

73.3 ± 10.4

75.8 ± 10.2

0.031

TC (mg/dL)

128.2 ± 72.1

126.0 ± 76.7

n.s.

93.2 ± 81.7

146.5 ± 61.7

< 0.0001

123.8 ± 75.2

144.3 ± 66.1

n.s.

HDL-C (mg/dL)

39.5 ± 35.1

33.0 ± 21.5

< 0.0001

27.7 ± 32.8

41.7 ± 27.0

< 0.0001

36.7 ± 32.1

36.2 ± 16.4

n.s.

LDL-C (mg/dL)

76.5 ± 46.5

76.2 ± 50.9

n.s.

54.9 ± 50.3

88.7 ± 42.8

< 0.0001

73.7 ± 47.9

90.2 ± 49.2

0.016

TG (mg/dL)

78.1 ± 78.0

88.4 ± 73.0

0.014

61.9 ± 77.9

94.5 ± 72.2

< 0.0001

78.6 ± 76.7

102.6 ± 68.8

< 0.0001

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

69.9 ± 32.6

77.6 ± 50.8

n.s.

52.6 ± 40.0

84.8 ± 38.3

< 0.0001

71.2 ± 44.4

84.4 ± 21.0

0.0002

OGTT (mg/dL)

87.9 ± 43.8

96.5 ± 42.6

n.s.

66.4 ± 52.6

106.6 ± 27.6

< 0.0001

88.2 ± 43.9

110.0 ± 35.9

0.0006

HbA1C (%)

5.3 ± 0.5

5.7 ± 6.1

n.s.

6.1 ± 7.8

5.3 ± 0.4

n.s.

5.6 ± 4.8

5.3 ± 0.6

n.s.

  1. n (number), ALT Alanine-Aminotransferase, AST Aspartat-Aminotransferase, BMI Body Mass Index, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, gammaGT gamma Glutamyltransferase, HbA1C Glycated Haemoglobin, HDL-C High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, OGTT Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, TC Total Cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, SD Standard Deviation