Table 3 Total, direct and indirect effect of multiple status (vs. singleton status) on cardiometabolic indicators z-scores at 7 years of age
From: Different levels of cardiometabolic indicators in multiple vs. singleton children
β [95% CI] in Multiples a | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Total effect | Direct effect | Indirect effect | |
Age and sex z-scores b | |||
Weight | −0.419 (− 0.616; − 0.223)* | −0.020 (− 0.221; 0.181) | −0.399 (− 0.466; − 0.333)* |
Height | −0.404 (− 0.594; − 0.213)* | 0.083 (− 0.110; 0.275) | −0.486 (− 0.556; − 0.416)* |
Body mass index | −0.470 (− 0.705; − 0.234)* | −0.133 (− 0.376; 0.109) | −0.336 (− 0.409; − 0.263)* |
Fat mass index | −0.359 (− 0.565; − 0.152)* | −0.109 (− 0.322; 0.104) | −0.249 (− 0.312; − 0.187)* |
Fat-free mass index | −0.057 (− 0.259; 0.145) | 0.019 (− 0.192; 0.229) | −0.075 (− 0.133; − 0.018)* |
Waist circumference | −0.342 (− 0.537; − 0.147)* | −0.086 (− 0.287; 0.115) | −0.256 (− 0.315; − 0.196)* |
Waist-to-height ratio | −0.165 (− 0.326; − 0.003)* | −0.096 (− 0.264; 0.072) | −0.069 (− 0.115; − 0.023)* |
Glucose | 0.218 (− 0.117; 0.553) | 0.300 (− 0.044; 0.644) | −0.082 (− 0.160; − 0.004)* |
Insulin | −0.141 (− 0.419; 0.137) | −0.072 (− 0.358; 0.213) | −0.069 (− 0.133; − 0.004)* |
HDL-cholesterol | 0.148 (− 0.112; 0.408) | 0.122 (− 0.145; 0.389) | 0.026 (− 0.034; 0.086) |
Triglycerides | −0.014 (− 0.254; 0.226) | −0.004 (− 0.250; 0.243) | −0.010 (− 0.066; 0.045) |
hs-C-reactive protein | − 0.093 (− 0.374; 0.188) | −0.107 (− 0.396; 0.182) | 0.014 (− 0.051; 0.079) |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.057 (− 0.103; 0.217) | −0.056 (− 0.222; 0.110) | 0.113 (0.066; 0.159)* |
Diastolic blood pressure | −0.064 (− 0.196; 0.068) | −0.165 (− 0.302; − 0.028)* | 0.100 (0.062; 0.139)* |