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Table 3 Group-wise comparison of the baseline a, discharge b and end-line c developmental and nutritional characteristics of study completers, displayed as mean [SD] and p-value of their difference (N = 339)

From: Effect of play-based family-centered psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation on the development of severely acutely malnourished children under six in a low-income setting: a randomized controlled trial

Developmental outcomes

Time

Fine motor

Gross motor

Language

Personal-social

Social-emotional

Group

Group

Group

Group

Group

Cont.

Int.

Cont.

Int.

Cont.

Int.

Cont.

Int.

Cont.

Int.

Baselinea

15.3 [5.1]

15.8 [4.4]

16.1 [5.5]

16.5 [4.7]

16.2 [6.9]

16.6 [6.1]

13.5 [6.6]

14.4 [5.3]

63.9 [31.5]

64.1 [30]

p-value d

p = 0.200

p = 0.301

p = 0.360

p = 0.141

p = 0.483

Dischargeb

15.7 [4.6]

16.8 [4.3]

16.1 [5.6]

17.7 [4.9]

16.4 [6.9]

17.3 [6.6]

13.8 [6.1]

15 [5.6]

48.6 [27.3]

50.1 [29.2]

p-valued

p = 0.046

p = 0.020

p = 0.177

p = 0.082

p = 0.361

End-linec

17.9 [4.1]

19.3 [3.3]

20.4 [5.8]

21.1 [5.3]

20.1 [7.4]

21.0 [6.9]

16.9 [5.1]

17.7 [4.4]

50.1 [28.9]

48.3 [22.8]

p-value d

p = 0.003

p = 0.210

p = 0.186

p = 0.110

p = 0.695

Overall mean

16.3 [4.8]

17.3 [4.3]

17.6 [6.0]

18.4 [5.3]

17.7 [7.3]

18.3 [6.8]

14.8 [6.1]

15.7 [5.3]

54.5 [30.1]

54.2 [28.3]

Linear growth and nutritional outcomes

 

HAZ

MUACZ

WAZ

WHZ or BAZ

Cont.

Int.

Cont.

Int.

Cont.

Int.

Cont.

Int.

Baselinea

−3.8 [1.9]

−3.7 [1.8]

−3.4 [1.8]

−3.0 [1.7]

−3.9 [1.5]

−3.5 [1.4]

−2.6 [1.8]

−2.3 [1.7]

p-valued

0.202

0.042

0.054

0.069

Dischargeb

−3.9 [1.9]

−3.7 [1.6]

− 3.2 [1.6]

−2.7 [1.4]

− 3.8 [1.4]

− 3.3 [1.3]

−2.0 [1.7]

−1.8 [1.4]

p-valued

0.267

0.009

0.123

0.222

End-linec

−3.7 [1.6]

−3.5 [1.4]

−1.2 [1.4]

−1.0 [1.4]

−2.5 [1.5]

−2.6 [2.2]

−0.5 [1.3]

− 0.6 [1.4]

p-value d

0.199

0.154

0.596

0.644

Overall mean

−3.8 [1.8]

−3.6 [1.6

−2.6 [1.9]

−2.3 [1.7]

− 3.3 [1.6]

−3.2 [1.7]

−1.7 [1.8]

−1.6 [1.7]

  1. T-test used to determine p-value for mean difference
  2. BAZ body-mass-index-for-age-z score, Con control, Int intervention, HAZ height or length-for-age-z score, MUACZ mid-upper-arm-circumference-for-age z score, WAZ weight-for-age -z score, WHZ Weight-for-height/length-z score, SD standard deviation
  3. abefore start of the psychomotor/psychosocial intervention; bat discharge from hospital; cafter 6 months of home follow-up; dp-value for a difference between the control and the intervention means