Sports facilities, socio-economic context and overweight among the childhood population in two southern European cities: a cross sectional study

Table 1 Sample size, study subjects’ characteristics and area of residence, and effect size according to indicators of socio-economic environment:^a Madrid and Barcelona city districts

Sample size (n) and study subjects’ characteristics and area of residence	Unemployment rate^b				Percentage of population with tertiary education^b				Percentage with a second home^b
	1	2	3		1	2	3		1	2	3
Madrid
n	265	232	210		254	232	221		241	247	219
Overweight (%)	25.3	31.5	31.4	0.128	35.4	26.7	24.4	0.008	32.8	31.6	22.4	0.015
Mean age (years)	10.9	10.7	11.0	0.392	10.9	10.88	11.0	0.797	10.9	10.8	10.9	0.972
Girls (%)	44.2	51.3	42.4	0.802	43.7	47.8	46.6	0.509	44.4	46.2	47.5	0.506
Low educational level^c (%)	29.4	43.3	54.3	0.948	53.1	41.6	27.6	0.551	46.1	48.0	28.8	0.389
Manual occupation^c (%)	29.4	45.5	56.5	0.488	53.0	42.9	30.8	0.901	47.9	48.8	30.1	0.840
Physical inactivity (%)	18.9	21.6	27.6	0.025	26.8	17.7	22.2	0.200	31.5	14.2	21.5	0.007
Sports facilities/1000 pop.	2.7	1.5	1.3	0.000	1.4	2.1	2.2	0.000	1.8	1.5	2.4	0.000
Barcelona
n	195	142	137		180	138	156		183	135	156
Overweight (%)	19.2	23.9	29.2	0.034	28.3	23.2	18.2	0.029	29.0	22.2	18.2	0.019
Mean age (years)	10.4	10.3	10.7	0.586	10.6	10.4	10.28	0.590	10.6	10.41	10.28	0.597
Girls (%)	49.2	46.5	45.3	0.464	43.9	50.0	48.7	0.362	48.6	43.7	48.7	0.979
Low educational level^c (%)	6.1	14.0	32.3	0.000	28.7	10.4	6.3	0.000	28.0	11.2	6.3	0.000
Manual occupation^c (%)	21.0	42.3	54.7	0.000	52.8	37.0	19.2	0.000	52.5	37.0	19.2	0.000
Physical inactivity (%)	14.4	8.5	11.3	0.331	11.0	9.6	14.6	0.344	11.6	8.8	14.6	0.441
Sports facilities/1000 pop.	3.3	2.4	1.9	0.000	1.9	2.5	3.6	0.000	2.0	2.5	3.6	0.000

^aBased on the unemployment rate, percentage of population with tertiary education, and percentage of population with a second home
^bThe categories according to the unemployment rate were as follows: Madrid, tertile 1 (< 11.01%), tertile 2 (11.02–13.57%) and tertile 3 (> 13.57%); Barcelona, tertile 1 (< 10.32%), tertile 2 (10.32–11.13%) and tertile 3 (> 11.13%)
The categories according to the population with tertiary education were as follows: Madrid, tertile 1 (< 15.21%), tertile 2 (15.22–30.31%) and tertile 3 (> 30.31%); Barcelona, tertile 1 (< 15.01%), tertile 2 (15.01–27.15%) and tertile 3 (> 21.15%)
The categories according to the population with a second home were as follows: Madrid, tertile1 (< 22.42%), tertile 2 (22.43–28.32%) and tertile 3 (> 28.32%); Barcelona, tertile 1 (< 19.82%), tertile 2 (19.82–26.14%) and tertile 3 (> 26.14%)
^cRefers to the educational level and occupation of the primary household earner
* The p-value for subjects’ characteristics was based on the chi-square test for trend; the p-value for area characteristics was based on linear regression

ISSN: 1471-2431