|
Variables
|
Dependent variable: Fathers’ involvement in childcare (quality)
|
|---|
|
Step 1
|
Step 2
|
Step 3
|
|---|
|
β
|
t(p)
|
β
|
t(p)
|
β
|
t(p)
|
|---|
|
Father’s age
|
−0.065
|
−2.57(.01)
|
−.059
|
−2.30(.020)
|
−.059
|
− 2.34(.020)
|
|
Education level
|
0.058
|
2.19(.029)
|
.056
|
2.11(.035)
|
.056
|
2.12(.035)
|
|
Religion
|
0.057
|
2.28(.023)
|
.057
|
2.26(.024)
|
.057
|
2.26(.024)
|
|
Smoking
|
−0.080
|
−3.14(.002)
|
−.075
|
−2.94(.003)
|
−.075
|
− 2.93(.003)
|
|
Daily working hours
|
−0.068
|
−2.67(.008)
|
−.061
|
− 2.38(.017)
|
−.061
|
− 2.37(.018)
|
|
Parenting stress
|
−0.339
|
−13.41(<.001)
|
−.302
|
−10.94(<.001)
|
−.301
|
− 10.92(<.001)
|
|
Child’s age
|
0.060
|
2.41(.016)
|
.06
|
2.43(.015)
|
.06
|
2.44(.015)
|
|
Temperament (Emotionality)
|
−0.042
|
−1.69(.092)
|
−.034
|
−1.31(.191)
|
−.034
|
− 1.31(.192)
|
|
Temperament (Activity)
|
0.034
|
1.35(.178)
|
.029
|
1.16(.246)
|
.029
|
1.15(.249)
|
|
Family household income
|
0.018
|
0.68(.499)
|
.014
|
0.54(.558)
|
.015
|
0.56(.573)
|
|
PPD
| | |
−.079
|
−2.74(.006)
|
−.085
|
−2.68(.007)
|
|
MPD
| | |
−.026
|
−0.92(.358)
|
−.03
|
−1.02(.309)
|
|
PPD*MPD
| | | | |
.014
|
0.44(.662)
|
|
R2
|
.170
|
.177
|
.177
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
.164
|
.170
|
.169
|
|
R2 change
|
.170
|
.001
|
<.001
|
|
F(p)
|
28.193(<.001)
|
24.564(<.001)
|
22.676(<.001)
|
|
Durbin-Watson test
| | |
2.006
|
|
Variables
|
Dependent variable: Fathers’ involvement in childcare (quantity)
|
|
Step 1
|
Step 2
|
Step 3
|
|
β
|
t(p)
|
β
|
t(p)
|
β
|
t(p)
|
|
Father’s age
|
0.055
|
−2.12(.034)
|
−.053
|
−2.06(.04)
|
0.053
|
−2.06(.039)
|
|
Education level
|
0.028
|
1.04(.300)
|
.026
|
0.97(.335)
|
0.025
|
0.92(.357)
|
|
Religion
|
0.096
|
3.67(<.001)
|
.095
|
3.62(<.001)
|
0.095
|
3.62(<.001)
|
|
Smoking
|
0.044
|
−1.66(.096)
|
−.043
|
−1.62(.106)
|
0.044
|
−1.64(.101)
|
|
Alcohol consumption
|
0.062
|
−2.35(.019)
|
−.06
|
−2.28(.023)
|
0.058
|
−2.22(.026)
|
|
Daily working hours
|
0.309
|
11.73(<.001)
|
−.304
|
11.46(<.001)
|
0.305
|
11.49(<.001)
|
|
Parenting stress
|
−0.084
|
−3.25(.001)
|
−.069
|
−2.41(.016)
|
− 0.07
|
− 2.45(.015)
|
|
PPD
| | |
.006
|
0.19(.849)
|
0.024
|
0.71(.477)
|
|
MPD
| | |
−.07
|
−2.46(.014)
|
0.054
|
−1.77(.077)
|
|
PPD*MPD
| | | | |
0.043
|
−1.29(.196)
|
|
R2
|
.133
|
.137
|
.138
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
.128
|
.131
|
.131
|
|
R2 change
|
.133
|
.137
|
.001
|
|
F(p)
|
28.584(<.001)
|
23.025(<.001)
|
20.901(<.001)
|
|
Durbin-Watson test
| | |
1.844
|
- PPD Paternal Psychological Distress, MPD Maternal Psychological Distress
