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Table 4 Moderating effect of maternal psychological distress on the relationship between paternal psychological distress and fathers’ involvement in childcare (quality/quality) (N = 1541)

From: Relationship between paternal psychological distress and involvement in childcare among fathers of preschool-aged children: mediating effect of maternal psychological distress

Variables

Dependent variable: Fathers’ involvement in childcare (quality)

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

β

t(p)

β

t(p)

β

t(p)

Father’s age

−0.065

−2.57(.01)

−.059

−2.30(.020)

−.059

− 2.34(.020)

Education level

0.058

2.19(.029)

.056

2.11(.035)

.056

2.12(.035)

Religion

0.057

2.28(.023)

.057

2.26(.024)

.057

2.26(.024)

Smoking

−0.080

−3.14(.002)

−.075

−2.94(.003)

−.075

− 2.93(.003)

Daily working hours

−0.068

−2.67(.008)

−.061

− 2.38(.017)

−.061

− 2.37(.018)

Parenting stress

−0.339

−13.41(<.001)

−.302

−10.94(<.001)

−.301

− 10.92(<.001)

Child’s age

0.060

2.41(.016)

.06

2.43(.015)

.06

2.44(.015)

Temperament (Emotionality)

−0.042

−1.69(.092)

−.034

−1.31(.191)

−.034

− 1.31(.192)

Temperament (Activity)

0.034

1.35(.178)

.029

1.16(.246)

.029

1.15(.249)

Family household income

0.018

0.68(.499)

.014

0.54(.558)

.015

0.56(.573)

PPD

  

−.079

−2.74(.006)

−.085

−2.68(.007)

MPD

  

−.026

−0.92(.358)

−.03

−1.02(.309)

PPD*MPD

    

.014

0.44(.662)

R2

.170

.177

.177

Adjusted R2

.164

.170

.169

R2 change

.170

.001

<.001

F(p)

28.193(<.001)

24.564(<.001)

22.676(<.001)

Durbin-Watson test

  

2.006

Variables

Dependent variable: Fathers’ involvement in childcare (quantity)

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

β

t(p)

β

t(p)

β

t(p)

Father’s age

0.055

−2.12(.034)

−.053

−2.06(.04)

0.053

−2.06(.039)

Education level

0.028

1.04(.300)

.026

0.97(.335)

0.025

0.92(.357)

Religion

0.096

3.67(<.001)

.095

3.62(<.001)

0.095

3.62(<.001)

Smoking

0.044

−1.66(.096)

−.043

−1.62(.106)

0.044

−1.64(.101)

Alcohol consumption

0.062

−2.35(.019)

−.06

−2.28(.023)

0.058

−2.22(.026)

Daily working hours

0.309

11.73(<.001)

−.304

11.46(<.001)

0.305

11.49(<.001)

Parenting stress

−0.084

−3.25(.001)

−.069

−2.41(.016)

− 0.07

− 2.45(.015)

PPD

  

.006

0.19(.849)

0.024

0.71(.477)

MPD

  

−.07

−2.46(.014)

0.054

−1.77(.077)

PPD*MPD

    

0.043

−1.29(.196)

R2

.133

.137

.138

Adjusted R2

.128

.131

.131

R2 change

.133

.137

.001

F(p)

28.584(<.001)

23.025(<.001)

20.901(<.001)

Durbin-Watson test

  

1.844

  1. PPD Paternal Psychological Distress, MPD Maternal Psychological Distress