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Table 3 The association between birth weight and hypertension based on binary logistic regression

From: U-shaped relationship between birth weight and childhood blood pressure in China

Birth weight, g

High SBP, n (%)

OR1 (95% CI)a

P1c

OR2 (95% CI)b

P2d

High DBP, n (%)

OR1 (95% CI)a

P1c

OR2 (95% CI)b

P2d

Hypertension, n (%)

OR1 (95% CI)a

P1c

OR2 (95% CI)b

P2d

Normal

Abnormal

Normal

Abnormal

Normal

Abnormal

Total

< 2000

201 (85.2)

35 (14.8)

2.17 (1.46–3.23)

< 0.001

2.33 (1.53–3.50)

< 0.001

223 (94.5)

13 (5.5)

1.07 (0.58–1.96)

.832

1.10 (0.60–2.03)

.750

200 (84.7)

36 (15.3)

1.75 (1.19–2.58)

.005

1.85 (1.25–2.74)

.002

2000–2499

440 (89.8)

50 (10.2)

1.47 (1.05–2.05)

.024

1.53 (1.08–2.15)

.015

460 (93.9)

30 (6.1)

1.46 (0.96–2.23)

.077

1.46 (0.96–2.24)

.079

427 (87.1)

63 (12.9)

1.51 (1.12–2.04)

.007

1.57 (1.15–2.13)

.004

2500–2999

2226 (92.8)

172 (7.2)

Ref

–

Ref

–

2294 (95.7)

104 (4.3)

Ref

–

Ref

–

2184 (91.1)

214 (8.9)

Ref

–

Ref

–

3000–3499

5965 (92.6)

480 (7.4)

1.04 (0.87–1.25)

.675

0.98 (0.82–1.18)

.835

6114 (95.3)

301 (4.7)

1.08 (0.86–1.36)

.499

1.02 (0.81–1.29)

.864

5831 (90.5)

614 (9.5)

1.08 (0.91–1.27)

.375

1.02 (0.86–1.20)

.823

3500–3999

3679 (89.8)

416 (10.2)

1.42 (1.18–1.71)

< 0.001

1.28 (1.06–1.55)

.010

3866 (94.4)

229 (5.6)

1.25 (0.98–1.59)

.067

1.13 (0.89–1.44)

.323

3606 (88.1)

489 (11.9)

1.34 (1.13–1.59)

.001

1.22 (1.02–1.45)

.025

≥4000

1460 (88.0)

200 (14.8)

1.65 (1.33–2.05)

< 0.001

1.42 (1.14–1.77)

.002

1564 (94.2)

96 (5.8)

1.31 (0.98–1.75)

.064

1.12 (0.84–1.50)

.429

1418 (85.4)

242 (14.6)

1.64 (1.35–2.00)

< 0.001

1.42 (1.16–1.74)

.001

Boys

< 2000

107 (86.3)

17 (13.7)

1.69 (0.96–2.96)

.098

1.87 (1.05–3.33)

.033

118 (95.2)

6 (4.8)

0.77 (0.32–1.86)

.567

0.83 (0.34–2.01)

.682

107 (86.3)

17 (13.7)

1.39 (0.80–2.41)

.251

1.51 (0.86–2.66)

.155

2000–2499

191 (88.0)

26 (12.0)

1.42 (0.89–2.26)

.136

1.47 (0.91–2.38)

.117

203 (93.5)

14 (6.5)

1.23 (0.67–2.25)

.511

1.24 (0.67–2.30)

.497

186 (85.7)

31 (14.3)

1.45 (0.94–2.23)

.093

1.51 (0.96–2.35)

.072

2500–2999

972 (91.2)

94 (8.8)

Ref

–

Ref

–

1009 (94.7)

57 (5.3)

Ref

–

Ref

–

955 (89.6)

111 (10.4)

Ref

–

Ref

–

3000–3499

2814 (91.2)

270 (8.8)

1.01 (0.79–1.29)

.956

0.93 (0.73–1.20)

.596

2923 (94.8)

161 (5.2)

0.98 (0.72–1.34)

.914

0.92 (0.67–1.26)

.608

2747 (89.1)

337 (10.9)

1.07 (0.85–1.34)

.550

1.00 (0.80–1.27)

.973

3500–3999

2091 (89.0)

259 (11.0)

1.29 (1.01–1.65)

.045

1.15 (0.89–1.48)

.288

2207 (93.9)

143 (6.1)

1.14 (0.83–1.57)

.405

1.02 (0.74–1.41)

.903

2048 (87.1)

302 (12.9)

1.28 (1.01–1.61)

.040

1.14 (0.90–1.45)

.266

≥4000

947 (87.8)

131 (12.2)

1.40 (1.06–1.85)

.019

1.21 (0.91–1.62)

.185

1016 (94.2)

62 (5.8)

1.10 (0.76–1.60)

.618

0.95 (0.65–1.38)

.781

915 (84.9)

163 (15.1)

1.53 (1.18–1.98)

.001

1.32 (1.02–1.72)

.038

Girls

< 2000

94 (83.9)

18 (16.1)

3.06 (1.73–5.41)

< 0.001

3.14 (1.76–5.60)

< 0.001

105 (93.8)

7 (6.2)

1.50 (0.65–3.48)

.359

1.51 (0.65–3.51)

.338

93 (83.0)

19 (17.0)

2.33 (1.34–4.02)

.003

2.37 (1.36–4.12)

.002

2000–2499

249 (91.2)

24 (8.8)

1.56 (0.96–2.53)

.069

1.62 (0.99–2.64)

.054

257 (94.1)

16 (5.9)

1.74 (0.96–3.13)

.066

1.73 (0.96–3.13)

.069

241 (88.3)

32 (11.7)

1.62 (1.05–2.45)

.029

1.66 (1.08–2.54)

.022

2500–2999

1254 (94.1)

78 (5.9)

Ref

–

Ref

–

1285 (96.5)

47 (3.5)

Ref

–

Ref

–

1229 (92.3)

103 (7.7)

Ref

–

Ref

–

3000–3499

3151 (93.8)

210 (6.2)

1.08 (0.82–1.41)

.594

1.03 (0.79–1.35)

.830

3221 (95.8)

140 (4.2)

1.19 (0.85–1.67)

.311

1.13 (0.81–1.60)

.473

3084 (91.8)

277 (8.2)

1.08 (0.85–1.36)

.541

1.03 (0.81–1.31)

.794

3500–3999

1588 (91.0)

157 (9.0)

1.59 (1.20–2.11)

.001

1.46 (1.10–1.95)

.009

1659 (95.1)

86 (4.9)

1.38 (0.96–1.98)

.087

1.26 (0.87–1.82)

.215

1558 (89.3)

187 (10.7)

1.43 (1.11–1.84)

.006

1.32 (1.02–1.70)

.035

≥4000

513 (88.1)

69 (11.9)

2.11 (1.50–2.97)

< 0.001

1.81 (1.28–2.57)

.001

548 (94.2)

34 (5.8)

1.42 (0.89–2.25)

.023

1.42 (0.90–2.26)

.135

503 (86.4)

79 (13.6)

1.84 (1.35–2.51)

< 0.001

1.58 (1.15–2.18)

.004

  1. SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, SD Standard deviation, SE Standard error, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, Ref Reference
  2. aCalculated in the binary logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, gestational age, area of residence, season of birth
  3. bAdditional adjustment for BAZ.
  4. cbased on OR1; reference: birth weight at 2500–2999 g
  5. dbased on OR2; reference: birth weight at 2500–2999 g
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