Table 1 Frequency distributions of behavioural categorisations, descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test results and correlation between age 2 and 4.5 year SDQ scores
From: Persistence and change in behavioural problems during early childhood
2 years | 4.5 years | t | Cohen’s d | Pearson r | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal/ Borderline n (%) | Abnormal n (%) | M (SD) | Normal/ Borderline n (%) | Abnormal n (%) | M (SD) | ||||
Total difficulties | 5327 (90.5%) | 558 (9.5%) | 11.40 (5.11) | 5222 (88.7%) | 663 (11.3%) | 9.86 (5.19) | 25.15** | 0.31 | 0.54** |
Emotional symptoms | 5497 (93.3%) | 397 (6.7%) | 1.80 (1.60) | 5321 (90.3%) | 573 (9.7%) | 1.98 (1.77) | −6.71** | −0.10 | 0.43** |
Peer problems | 5330 (90.5%) | 561 (9.5%) | 2.17 (1.66) | 5116 (86.8%) | 775 (13.2%) | 1.61 (1.60) | 24.53** | 0.31 | 0.37** |
Hyperactivity-inattention | 5428 (92.1%) | 465 (7.9%) | 4.32 (2.14) | 5123 (86.9%) | 770 (13.1%) | 3.92 (2.26) | 13.98** | 0.17 | 0.45** |
Conduct problems | 5177 (87.8%) | 716 (12.2%) | 3.11 (1.97) | 5237 (88.9%) | 656 (11.1%) | 2.35 (1.82) | 27.57** | 0.36 | 0.37** |