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Table 3 Adjusted odds of receiving newborn care interventions among most recent home births in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal

From: Trends, determinants, and newborn mortality related to thermal care and umbilical cord care practices in South Asia

 

India 2015–16 (immediate drying)

Bangladesh 2014

(immediate drying, delayed bathing, and skin-to-skin)

Nepal 2016

(immediate drying, delayed bathing, and skin-to-skin)

UOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

UOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

UOR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

Place of residence (ref = rural)

 Urban

0.9*

[0.8,1.0]

0.9*

[0.8, 1.0]

0.7

[0.5,1.0]

0.6*

[0.4, 0.9]

0.7

[0.5,1.1]

0.7

[0.5, 1.1]

Wealth quintile (ref = lowest and second)

 Middle

0.8**

[0.7,0.9]

0.8***

[0.7, 0.9]

1.1

[0.7,1.6]

1.0

[0.6, 1.5]

2.4***

[1.7,3.4]

2.2***

[1.5, 3.1]

 Second highest and highest

1.1

[1.0,1.2]

1.0

[0.9, 1.2]

1.4

[1.0,1.9]

1.4

[1.0, 2.0]

2.4***

[1.6,3.4]

2.3***

[1.6, 3.4]

Education (ref = none)

 Primary

1.2**

[1.1,1.3]

1.1*

[1.0, 1.3]

1.2

[0.8,1.8]

1.3

[0.8, 1.9]

0.8

[0.6,1.2]

0.8

[0.6, 1.2]

 Secondary or higher

1.2***

[1.1,1.3]

1.1**

[1.0, 1.2]

1.7*

[1.1,2.7]

1.6*

[1.0, 2.5]

0.8

[0.6,1.2]

0.8

[0.6, 1.2]

Religion

 Hindu

ref

   

0.7

[0.4, 1.3]

0.8

[0.4, 1.5]

ref

   

 Muslim, other

0.9*

[0.8,1.0]

0.9

[0.8, 1.0]

ref

   

1.1

[0.6,2.2]

1.0

[0.6, 1.8]

Maternal age at birth (ref = 18–34)

 < 18

1.0

[0.7,1.3]

1.0

[0.7, 1.3]

1.0

[0.7,1.5]

1.0

[0.6, 1.6]

0.8

[0.5,1.4]

1.0

[0.5, 1.8]

 35 and older

0.9*

[0.8,1.0]

0.9

[0.8, 1.0]

0.8

[0.4,1.7]

0.9

[0.4, 1.9]

0.7

[0.4,1.4]

0.9

[0.5, 1.5]

Preceding birth interval (ref = 2+)

 First birth

1.0

[0.9,1.1]

1.0

[0.9, 1.1]

1.0

[0.7,1.4]

0.9

[0.6, 1.3]

1.1

[0.7,1.5]

1.1

[0.7, 1.7]

 Less than 2 years

1.0

[0.9,1.1]

1.0

[0.9, 1.1]

0.8

[0.4,1.4]

0.8

[0.4, 1.4]

1.7**

[1.2,2.5]

1.6*

[1.1, 2.4]

Antenatal care (ref = less than 4)

 4 or more visits

1.4***

[1.3,1.6]

1.4***

[1.2, 1.5]

1.3

[0.9,1.8]

1.2

[0.8, 1.7]

0.9

[0.6,1.2]

0.9

[0.7, 1.3]

Size at birth(ref = normal or large)

 Small or very small

0.9

[0.9,1.0]

0.9

[0.8, 1.0]

1.7**

[1.2,2.3]

1.8***

[1.3, 2.5]

1.2

[0.8,1.7]

1.3

[0.9, 1.8]

Gender of child (ref = female)

 Male

1.0

[0.9,1.0]

1.0

[0.9, 1.0]

1.0

[0.8,1.3]

1.0

[0.8, 1.3]

0.9

[0.7,1.1]

0.8

[0.7, 1.1]

Skilled attendant at birth (ref = no)

 Yes

1.5***

[1.4,1.7]

1.4***

[1.3, 1.6]

1.5

[1.0,2.5]

1.4

[0.9, 2.4]

2.8***

[1.7,4.6]

2.4**

[1.4, 4.2]

ROC

  

0.57

   

0.59

   

0.64

 

Pseudo R2

  

0.01

   

0.01

   

0.04

 
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