Table 5 Bi-variate analysis of baseline, maternal and paternal characteristics; micro-nutrient status and cognition with HC measurement (12th month)
Predictor | Head circumference (cm) | Chi-squared value | p-value | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<−2 SD (%) | Normal (%) | ||||
Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) | 93 (50) | 21 (58.3) | 0.838 | 0.360 | 1.40 (0.64–3.10) |
WAMI (6th month) (<33rd centile) | 43 (37.1) | 26 (24.1) | 4.431 | 0.035 | 1.86 (1.01–3.47) |
WAMI (12th month) (<33rd centile) | 46 (39) | 28 (25.7) | 4.55 | 0.033 | 1.85 (1.01–3.40) |
WAMI (24th month) (<33rd centile) | 31 (26.5) | 18 (16.7) | 3.18 | 0.074 | 1.80 (0.89–3.68) |
Low maternal HC (cm) | 72 (62.6) | 43 (42.2) | 9.07 | 0.003 | 2.29 (1.28–4.11) |
Low paternal HC (cm) | 60 (56.1) | 39 (39.8) | 5.42 | 0.02 | 1.93 (1.06–3.50) |
Parity of the mother (> 2) | 68 (59.6) | 65 (58.6) | 0.02 | 0.87 | 0.96 (0.54–1.68) |
Age of the mother (< 23 years) | 48 (41.4) | 47 (43.1) | 0.07 | 0.80 | 0.93 (0.53–1.63) |
Low maternal education | 46 (39.7) | 34 (31.2) | 1.75 | 0.185 | 1.45 (0.80–2.61) |
Low paternal education | 48 (42.8) | 38 (38.4) | 0.43 | 0.509 | 1.20 (0.66–2.17) |
Low maternal BMI | 27 (23.1) | 18 (16.7) | 1.44 | 0.23 | 1.50 (0.73–3.10) |
Low paternal BMI | 13 (12.2) | 7 (7.1) | 1.45 | 0.23 | 1.79 (0.63–5.59) |
Low maternal IQ (<33rd centile) | 52 (44.1) | 28 (25.7) | 8.38 | 0.004 | 2.28 (1.25–4.17) |
Exclusively breastfeeding (≤4 month) | 109 (93.2) | 97 (89) | 1.42 | 0.49 | 1.68 (0.66–4.29) |
Anaemia | 62 (53) | 55 (51) | 0.09 | 0.75 | 1.08 (0.62–1.89) |
Elevated α-1-acid glycoprotein (mg/dL)a | 41 (37.9) | 35 (33.9) | 0.362 | 0.55 | 1.18 (0.65–2.17) |
Low Ferritin (μg/L)a | 31 (26.7) | 21 (19.4) | 1.66 | 0.19 | 1.51 (0.77–2.99) |
Low Retinol (μg/dL)a | 21 (20.2) | 19 (19.2) | 0.032 | 0.85 | 1.06 (0.50–2.26) |
Low Transferrin receptor (μg/ml)a | 66 (60.6) | 67 (64.4) | 0.34 | 0.56 | 0.84 (0.46–1.53) |
Low Serum Zinc (μg/dL)a | 61 (54.4) | 48 (46.1) | 1.49 | 0.22 | 1.39 (0.79–2.47) |