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Table 1 Baseline, maternal and paternal characteristics of the study participants (N = 228)

From: Low head circumference during early childhood and its predictors in a semi-urban settlement of Vellore, Southern India

Variable

Category

n

%

p-value

Gender (n = 228)

Male

105

46

0.23

Female

123

54

Birth weight (kg) (n = 223)

Very Low Birth weight (< 1.99 kg)

5

2

< 0.001

Low birth weight (2–2.49 kg)

32

14

Normal birth weight (≥ 2.5 kg)

186

84

Socio-economic status (WAMIa)

6th month (n = 225)

Low (≤ 33rd centile)

69

31

< 0.001

Middle and High (> 33rd centile)

156

69

12th month (n = 228)

Low (≤ 33rd centile)

74

32

< 0.001

Middle and High (> 33rd centile)

154

68

18th month (n = 228)

Low (≤ 33rd centile)

72

32

< 0.001

Middle and High (> 33rd centile)

156

68

Parity of the mother (n = 226)

>  2

91

40

< 0.001

≤ 2

135

60

Age of the mother (n = 226)

<  23 years

96

42

0.109

≥ 23 years

130

58

Mother’s education (n = 226)

No schooling

26

11

< 0.001

Primary (1st to 5th grade)

54

24

Secondary (6th to 10th grade)

110

49

High school (>11th grade)

36

16

Father’s education (n = 212)

No schooling

30

14

< 0.001

Primary (1st to 5th grade)

56

26

Secondary (6th to 10th grade)

109

52

High school (>11th grade)

17

8

Mother’s BMI (n = 226)

Under-weight (<  18.5)

46

20

< 0.001

Normal (18.5–24.9)

132

59

Over weight (≥ 25)

48

21

Father’s BMI (n = 205)

Under-weight (<  18.5)

20

10

< 0.001

Normal (18.5–24.9)

131

64

Over weight (≥ 25)

54

26

Mother’s IQ (RCMb) (n = 228)

Low (≤ 33rd centile)

81

36

< 0.001

Normal and High (> 33rd centile)

147

64

  1. aSocio-economic index that integrates 4 components namely, access to improved water and sanitation, 8 selected assets, maternal education and household income
  2. bRavens Combined Matrices Score
  3. data in bold represents p-value <0.05
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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