Table 1 Baseline characteristics of women and children

Number of women (%)*

269 (53)

239 (47)

508

Number of clusters

15

15

30

Cluster size (mean, SD)

17.9 (2.3)

15.9 (3.3)

16.9 (3.0)

Age of women (mean, SD)

33.8 (11.5)

34.9 (11.0)

34.3 (11.3)

Number of children per woman (mean, SD)

3.3 (2.3)

3.5 (1.6)

3.4 (1.6)

 Dalit

115 (42.8)

58 (24.3)

173 (34.1)

 Brahman/Chhetri

154 (57.2)

181 (75.7)

335 (65.9)

Household size (mean, SD)

6.1 (2.6)

6.1 (2.6)

6.1 (2.6

Area household land in halsϮ (mean, SD)

3.3 (2.3)

3.6 (3.5)

3.4 (3.0)

Number of household cattle and buffalo (mean, SD)

3.6 (2.5)

3.8 (2.9)

3.7 (2.7)

Any smoking inside the house (%)

151 (56.1)

120 (50.2)

271 (47.1)

 None

232 (86.2)

205 (85.8)

437 (86)

 Some primary

21 (7.8)

15 (6.3)

36 (7.1)

 Some secondary

16 (5.8)

19 (7.9)

35 (6.9)

 None

149 (55.4)

119 (49.8)

268 (52.8)

 Some primary

46 (17.1)

55 (23)

101 (19.9)

 Some secondary

74 (27.5)

65 (27.3)

139 (27.4)

Any antenatal care last pregnancy (%)

238 (88.5)

220 (92.1)

458 (90.2)

 In the cowshed

72 (26.8)

71 (29.7)

143 (28.1)

 Inside the house

126 (46.9)

113 (47.3)

239 (47.1)

 At a health facility

62 (23.1)

49 (20.5)

111 (21.8)

Ever taken a child to traditional healer (%)

124 (46.1)

109 (45.6)

233 (45.9)

 Total

473 (50.5)

464 (49.5)

937

 Girls

241 (51)

229.(49.4)

470 (49.8)

 Boys

232 (49)

235 (50.6)

467 (50.2)

Age of children (mean, SD)

6.5 (3.5)

6.5 (3.5)

6.5 (3.5)

 Weight of children in kg

17.31 (6.95)

17.72 (7.19)

17.51 (7.07)

 Weight-for-age z-score

−1.86 (1.07)

−1.88 (1.04)

−1.9 (1.05)

 Height of children in cm

106.47 (21.21)

108.03 (21.95)

107.22 (21.57)

 Height-for-age z-score

−2.05 (1.36)

−1.97 (1.28)

−2.0 (1.33)

 Any CSOM

53 (11.2)

53 (11.4)

106 (11.3)

 Any acute otitis media

5 (1.1)

13 (2.8)

18 (1.9)

 Any dullness or retraction eardrum

37 (7.8)

67 (14.4)

104 (11.2)