Table 3 Stratified associations between trimester-specific GWG and offspring body-fat compositions at 5 years of age by pre-pregnancy BMI categories
Outcomes | Pre-pregnancy BMI | n | Gestational weight gain (per 3 kg) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st trimester | 2nd trimester | 3rd trimester | ||||
Overweight/obesity | OR (95% CI) | underweight | 50 | 1.06 (0.28, 3.96) | 0.90 (0.19, 4.24) | 1.04 (0.17, 6.20) |
normal weight | 180 | 1.33 (0.88, 2.01) | 1.09 (0.67, 1.77) | 1.18 (0.77, 1.83) | ||
overweight/obese | 71 | 1.29 (0.79, 2.12) | 0.99 (0.55, 1.79) | 2.76 (1.16, 6.55) | ||
FMI (kg/m2) | β (95% CI) | underweight | 50 | −0.08(−0.31, 0.16) | −0.04(− 0.33, 0.26) | 0.19(− 0.09, 0.46) |
normal weight | 180 | 0.27 (0.08, 0.47) | 0.20(−0.05, 0.44) | 0.15(−0.07, 0.36) | ||
overweight/obese | 71 | 0.19(−0.07, 0.45) | 0.28(−0.15, 0.71) | 0.50(− 0.03, 1.02) | ||
Body fat percentage (%) | β (95% CI) | underweight | 50 | −0.55(−1.93, 0.83) | − 0.33(−2.03, 1.37) | 1.05(− 0.54, 2.63) |
normal weight | 180 | 1.36 (0.37, 2.36) | 0.95(−0.28, 2.18) | 0.83(−0.26, 1.93) | ||
overweight/obese | 71 | 0.74(−0.32, 1.79) | 1.06(−0.70, 2.82) | 2.02(− 0.12, 4.17) | ||
FFMI (kg/m2) | β (95% CI) | underweight | 50 | 0.08(−0.21, 0.36) | 0.13(−0.22, 0.47) | 0.003(− 0.33, 0.34) |
normal weight | 180 | −0.01(− 0.15, 0.13) | 0.01(− 0.16, 0.18) | −0.05(− 0.20, 0.10) | ||
overweight/obese | 71 | 0.07(−0.04, 0.18) | −0.01(− 0.20, 0.18) | 0.10(− 0.13, 0.34) | ||
WHtR | β (95% CI) | underweight | 50 | 0.002(−0.01, 0.01) | 0.008(−0.003, 0.02) | 0.01(− 0.001, 0.02) |
normal weight | 179 | 0.004(−0.001, 0.01) | 0.0001(−0.006, 0.007) | 0.001(− 0.004, 0.007) | ||
overweight/obese | 71 | 0.003(−0.003, 0.009) | 0.003(−0.007, 0.013) | 0.01 (0.00008, 0.03) | ||