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Table 3 Summery of included studies which reported the relationship of pediatric blood pressure and smoking

From: Effect of passive exposure to cigarette smoke on blood pressure in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Author, year; country

Type of survey

Study type

Total sample

Sexa

Age

Type of BP

Smoking definition

Type of exposer

BP measurements method

Belfort, 2012; USA [43]

Local

Cohort

694

NR

6.5

SBP

Smoking during pregnancy

Pregnancy

Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device

Blake, 2000; Australia [44]

Regional

Cohort

702

NR

6

SBP

Smoking at 18 weeks gestation

Pregnancy

Two times measurement of BP using a semi-automatic oscillometric device

Brambilla, 2015; Italy [45]

National

Cross-section

1294

NR

7 to 13

SBP and DBP

NR

Passive (domestic)

Three times measurement of BP using a manual sphygmomanometer device

Brion, 2007; UK [46]

Local

Cohort

6509

3281

7.7

SBP and DBP

Smoking at 18 weeks gestation

Pregnancy

Two times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device

Byeon, 2007; South Korea [47]

Local

Cross-section

127

82

10 to 13

SBP and DBP

Current smoking

Active

Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device

Garoufi, 2017; Greece [48]

Local

Cross-section

736

366

12 to 18

SBP and DBP

Smoking for at least 1 month

Active

Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device

Giussani, 2013; Italy [34]

Regional

Cross-section

1310

682

5 to 14

SBP

Having one parent with smoking habit

Passive (domestic)

Two times measurement of BP using a aneroid sphygmomanometer device

Hogberg, 2012; Sweden [49]

National

Cohort

92,730

92,730

17 to 19

SBP and DBP

At least 1 cigarette per day

Pregnancy

Single measurement of BP using automatic and manual sphygmomanometer devices

Katona, 2010; Hungary [50]

Local

Cross-section

10,194

5163

16.6

SBP and DBP

NR

Active

Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device

Kollias, 2009; Greece [51]

Local

Cross-section

1008

480

12 to 17

SBP and DBP

At least 1 cigarette per day

Active

Three times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device

Lawlor, 2004; Australia [52]

Local

Cohort

3864

NR

5

SBP

Smoking at 18 weeks gestation

Pregnancy

Two times measurement of BP using an digital sphygmomanometer device

Oken, 2005; USA [53]

Local

Cohort

746

373

3

SBP

Current smoking

Pregnancy

Up to 5 times measurement of BP using an automatic oscillometric device

Rostand, 2005; USA [54]

Local

Cross-section

262

149

5

SBP

NR

Pregnancy

Single measurement of BP using a mercury sphygmomanometer device

Simonetti, 2011; Germany [42]

National

Cross-section

4236

2181

4 to 7.5

SBP and DBP

Current smoking

Pregnancy and domestic

Three times measurement of BP using an auscultatory aneroid sphygmomanometry device

van den Berg, 2013; Netherland [41]

Local

Cohort

3024

1521

5 to 6

SBP and DBP

NR

Pregnancy and domestic

Two or three times measurement of BP using an automatic sphygmomanometer device

Wen, 2011; USA [55]

National

Cohort

30,441

15,031

7

SBP

At least 1 cigarette per day

Pregnancy

Two times measurement of BP using a digital oscillometric device

Yang, 2013; Canada [56]

National

Cohort

13,889

7173

6.5

SBP and DBP

At least 1 cigarette per day

Pregnancy and domestic

Single measurement of BP using a manual sphygmomanometer device

  1. aMale sex (number of children); BP Blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, NA Not applicable; NR Not reported, SBP Systolic blood pressure