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Table 2 Bivariable analyses of the relation of child factors with Hb level (g/dL) (n = 2902)

From: Household, maternal, and child related determinants of hemoglobin levels of Ethiopian children: hierarchical regression analysis

Variables

Weighted frequency (%)

Mean Hb (95% CI)

P a

Child sex

Boy

46.83

9.91 (9.82, 10.00)

0.006

Girl

53.17

10.07 (10.00, 10.15)

Age (months)

< 12

41.63

9.86 (9.77, 9.95)

< 0.001

12–23

58.37

10.11 (10.03, 10.19)

Birth size

Small

27.56

9.69 (9.57, 9.81)

< 0.001

Average

40.84

10.14 (10.05, 10.22)

Large

31.60

10.10 (9.99, 10.20)

Height-for-age

< −2 Z-score

32.22

9.88 (9.77, 9.98)

0.006

≥ − 2 Z-score

67.78

10.05 (9.98, 10.13)

Weight-for-age

< −2 Z-score

21.00

9.62 (9.48, 9.76)

< 0.001

≥ −2 Z-score

79.00

10.10 (10.03, 10.16)

Weight-for-height

< −2 Z-score

12.88

9.63 (9.48, 9.78)

< 0.001

≥ −2 Z-score

87.12

10.05 (9.99, 10.12)

Infection historyb

No

74.04

10.05 (9.98, 10.12)

0.001

Yes

25.96

9.81 (9.69, 9.94)

Current breastfeeding

status

No

10.17

9.68 (9.53, 9.83)

< 0.001

Yes

89.83

9.99 (9.95, 10.03)

Early breastfeeding

initiation

No

10.89

9.92 (9.71, 10.13)

0.558

Yes

89.11

9.98 (9.91, 10.05)

Deworming

No

90.57

9.99 (9.93, 10.06)

0.388

Yes

9.43

10.08 (9.90, 10.26)

Vitamin A supplement

No

56.35

9.96 (9.88, 10.04)

0.161

Yes

43.65

10.05 (9.95, 10.14)

Iron Supplement

No

91.92

10.00 (9.94, 10.07)

0.362

Yes

8.08

9.90 (9.71, 10.10)

MDDc

No

86.45

9.97 (9.91, 10.04)

0.068

Yes

13.55

10.14 (10.00, 10.27)

MMFd

No

56.96

9.96 (9.88, 10.04)

0.235

Yes

43.04

10.03 (9.94, 10.12)

  1. aIndependent t-test or one-way ANOVA
  2. bInfection defined as (yes, any one of history of cough, diarrhea or fever in the last two weeks preceding the survey)
  3. cMDD: Minimum dietary diversity (yes) when a child ate from four or more food groups
  4. dMMF: Minimum meal frequency (yes) when a child ate at least three and four times a day for breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding children, respectively