|
Characteristic
|
Odds ratio
|
95% confidence interval
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Sex
|
|
Female (Ref)
|
|
Male
|
0.84
|
0.51–1.37
|
0.476
|
|
Birth weight (kg)
|
|
<1.5
|
0.71
|
0.27–1.85
|
0.480
|
|
1.5–2.49
|
1.31
|
0.74–2.32
|
0.356
|
|
≥2.5 (Ref)
|
|
Gestational age at birth
|
|
Preterm
|
1.29
|
0.64–2.62
|
0.478
|
|
Term (Ref)
|
|
Maternal age (years)
|
|
≤20
|
2.69
|
0.63–11.47
|
0.181
|
|
21–35 (Ref)
| | | |
|
>35
|
1.52
|
0.52–4.41
|
0.446
|
|
Maternal parity
|
|
1–2 (Ref)
| | | |
|
3–4
|
1.13
|
0.61–2.12
|
0.692
|
|
≥5
|
2.30
|
0.92–5.80
|
0.077
|
|
Type of gestation
|
|
Singleton (Ref)
| | | |
|
Multiple
|
0.65
|
0.28–1.54
|
0.326
|
|
Antenatal care
|
|
Yes (Ref)
| | | |
|
No
|
0.78
|
0.30–2.00
|
0.606
|
|
Self-medication
|
|
Yes
|
3.02
|
0.64–14.33
|
0.163
|
|
No (Ref)
| | | |
|
Use of herbal preparation
|
|
Yes
|
4.08
|
0.44–37.80
|
0.215
|
|
No (Ref)
| | | |
|
Maternal febrile illness
|
|
Yes
|
1.26
|
0.52–3.07
|
0.615
|
|
No (Ref)
| | | |
|
Folic acid use during first trimester
|
|
Yes (Ref)
| | | |
|
No
|
0.54
|
0.16–1.83
|
0.324
|
