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Table 3 Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Children Under-Five Years in Tanzania Stratified by Maternal Educational Attainment (TDHS-MIS, 2015–16)

From: Does education offset the effect of maternal disadvantage on childhood anaemia in Tanzania? Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

Socio-Demographic Characteristics

All Children Sample

(n = 7916)

No Education

(n = 1742)

Primary

(n = 4758)

Secondary+

(n = 1416)

Adjusted Odd Ratios [95% CI]

Mother’s Age Group

 15–24

1.43*** [1.16,1.75]

1.15 [0.74,1.79]

1.55*** [1.20,2.00]

1.62 [0.90,2.89]

 25–34

1.22* [1.05,1.42]

1.29 [0.95,1.76]

1.21* [1.00,1.46]

1.55 [0.97,2.48]

 35–49

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Marital Status

 Not Married

1.09 [0.87,1.38]

4.04*** [1.98,8.24]

1.08 [0.80,1.44]

0.86 [0.57,1.31]

 Currently Married

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Formerly Married

1.04 [0.89,1.22]

0.95 [0.68,1.32]

1.07 [0.87,1.31]

1.13 [0.71,1.81]

Educational Attainment

 No Education

1.53*** [1.25,1.89]

   

 Primary

1.06 [0.90,1.26]

   

 Secondary+

Reference

   

Employment Status

 Not Working

1.31*** [1.15,1.49]

1.62** [1.21,2.16]

1.21* [1.03,1.43]

1.34 [0.97,1.85]

 Currently Working

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Number of Siblings

1.05** [1.01,1.08]

1.05 [0.98,1.12]

1.06** [1.02,1.10]

0.97 [0.86,1.10]

Place of Residence

 Mainland - Urban

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Mainland - Rural

0.89 [0.76,1.05]

0.65* [0.44,0.97]

0.95 [0.78,1.17]

0.99 [0.66,1.50]

 Zanzibar - Urban

1.76*** [1.30,2.38]

0.49 [0.22,1.08]

1.87 [0.98,3.56]

2.28*** [1.48,3.54]

 Zanzibar - Rural

1.39*** [1.16,1.66]

0.9 [0.58,1.38]

1.38* [1.05,1.82]

1.84*** [1.30,2.60]

Wealth Status

 Poorest

1.50** [1.17,1.91]

2.68** [1.28,5.60]

1.27 [0.93,1.74]

2.17 [0.87,5.45]

 Poorer

1.41** [1.10,1.80]

2.21* [1.05,4.66]

1.34 [0.98,1.83]

1.06 [0.56,2.01]

 Middle

1.26 [1.00,1.59]

2.06 [0.97,4.38]

1.19 [0.89,1.60]

0.88 [0.50,1.54]

 Richer

0.96 [0.79,1.18]

1.69 [0.80,3.56]

0.84 [0.64,1.10]

1.12 [0.76,1.66]

 Richest

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Health Insurance

 No Health Insurance

1.26* [1.03,1.53]

1.22 [0.66,2.25]

1.29 [1.00,1.67]

1.34 [0.90,2.00]

 Health Insurance

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Mother’s BMI

 Under Weight

0.97 [0.80,1.18]

1.08 [0.69,1.67]

0.9 [0.71,1.15]

0.99 [0.58,1.69]

 Normal

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Overweight

0.79*** [0.69,0.89]

0.59*** [0.44,0.79]

0.86 [0.73,1.01]

0.75 [0.55,1.03]

 Severe Obesity

0.62* [0.43,0.89]

0.21* [0.05,0.90]

0.54* [0.33,0.88]

0.89 [0.45,1.77]

Birth Type

 Single

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Multiple

1.38* [1.01,1.87]

1.62 [0.92,2.84]

1.09 [0.74,1.60]

2.62 [0.90,7.57]

Child’s Sex

 Male

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Female

0.84*** [0.76,0.93]

0.91 [0.73,1.13]

0.78*** [0.69,0.89]

0.97 [0.74,1.28]

Child’s Age

 6–23 months

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 24–47 months

0.37*** [0.33,0.42]

0.52*** [0.40,0.66]

0.35*** [0.31,0.41]

0.30*** [0.22,0.41]

 48–59 months

0.27*** [0.23,0.31]

0.36*** [0.27,0.49]

0.25*** [0.21,0.30]

0.19*** [0.12,0.29]

Child’s BMI

 Low

1.39* [1.05,1.85]

2.32** [1.24,4.36]

1.34 [0.95,1.88]

0.62 [0.30,1.28]

 Normal

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Overweight

1.21** [1.05,1.40]

0.99 [0.74,1.33]

1.19 [0.99,1.42]

1.87*** [1.29,2.71]

 Obese

1.07 [0.84,1.36]

1.52 [0.87,2.67]

0.85 [0.63,1.15]

1.57 [0.81,3.04]

/cut1

0.79 [0.58,1.08]

0.81 [0.28,2.31]

0.71 [0.46,1.1]

0.86 [0.39,1.87]

/cut2

2.70 [1.97,3.7]

2.73 [0.96,7.72]

2.42 [1.56,3.74]

3.42 [1.57,7.44]

/cut3

82.9 [57.2120.2]

75.0 [25.0,225.3]

77.3 [46.9127.3]

143.0 [44.4460.6]

AIC

16,881.3

3859.96

10,794.61

2212.41

Log pseudolikelihood

− 8411.65

− 1902.98

− 5370.3

− 1079.21

  1. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001