Table 2 Calibrated Outcome and Conditions, their codes and n for each group
From: Paths to language development in at risk children: a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)
Outcome | Measure/s | Set* | code | N | mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Language Status at 5 years | |||||
 Good Language | WPPSI VIQ: Standard Score (SS) 85+ | 1 | GL | 33 | 107.1 (13.0) |
Teacher perception scale: 5+ | 6.57 (1.1) | ||||
 Poor Language | WIPPSI VIQ:SS 84 & below | 0 | PL | 8 | 88 (10.7) |
Teacher perception scale: 4 & below | 5 (1.5) | ||||
Condition | Measure/s | Set* | code | N | mean |
Child Gender | Â | ||||
 Female |  | 1 | F | 22 |  |
 Male |  | 0 | M | 19 |  |
Toddler Development | Bayley’s Mental Development Inventory (MDI) [78] | ||||
 Good | SS = 85+ | 1 | D | 32 | 103.8 (11.4) |
 Poor | 1SD below mean (SS = 84 and less) | 0 | d | 8 | 77.4 (6.2) |
Behaviour at 3 years | Bayley’s Behaviour Scale: Percentile Rank (PR) [78] | ||||
 Good | within 1SD & above (PR 26 & above) | 1 | B | 30 | 78.0 (19.0) |
 Poor | >1SD below mean (PR 25 & below) | 0 | b | 11 | 12.2 (6.5) |
Education | Age mother left school | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 High | 17 years+ | 1 | ME | 21 | 17.5 (0.51) |
 Low | 16 years and below | 0 | me | 18 | 15.6 (0.54) |
Distress antenatal | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) | ||||
 Not distressed | 9 or under EDPS^ at recruitment | 1 | AD | 28 | 4.3 (2.7) |
 Distressed | 10 or over EPDS at recruitment | 0 | ad | 13 | 11.8 (1.5) |
Chronic Distress Overtime | EPDS & Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)^ over 5 time points | ||||
 Not chronically distressed | distress present > 50% of the time asked | 1 | CD | 35 | 10.0% (14.7) |
 Chronically Distressed | < 50% of the times distress was measured the mother presented with a concerning score on either the EPDS or the CES-D^ | 0 | cd | 6 | 93.3% (16.3) |
Maternal Responsivity | Home and clinic assessment of responsivity: HOME Responsivity Subscale [79] + play sample mother child interaction coding [80] | ||||
 Good | Scores above the sample means for HOME (9) &/or play sample (10) | 1 | RS | 21 | 22.95 (2.2) |
 Poor | Scores below the sample means for HOME (8) and /or play sample (9) | 0 | rs | 20 | 16.1 (2.6) |
Number of children in the home | Parent report number of children in the home at study child’s birth | ||||
 Less | 2 or less | 1 | CH | 27 | 1.5 (0.5) |
 More | 3+ | 0 | ch | 14 | 3.7 (1.2) |
LOTE$ | Languages spoken in the home as reported at birth, 18 and 33 months | ||||
 English | English only spoken at home | 1 | English | 22 |  |
 LOTE | 12 different Language/s Other Than English spoken at home. Most common: Arabic, Samoan and Spanish. | 0 | LOTE | 19 |  |
Family Origin | Recent migrant or not collected antenatally at recruitment | ||||
| Â | First generation migrant | 1 | FO | 14 | Â |
| Â | Not first generation migrant (First Australian Aboriginal, second generation or more migrant) | 0 | fo | 27 | Â |
SES | Parent report of housing status and income source on 2 different occasions | ||||
 High | 49% or less low housing and income | 1 | SES | 21 |  |
 Low | 50% of the time or more low housing and income | 0 | ses | 20 |  |
Read to 3 X / wk | Parent report number of days read to child on 3 different occasions (child 12 and 24 months of age and prior to school entry). | ||||
 Good Reading Amount | Presence of good consistent reading: Read to 3 times a week each time | 1 | RD | 21 |  |
 Poor Reading Amount | Absence of good consistent reading: not read to 3 times on at least one occasion | 0 | rd | 19 |  |
Early Childhood Education (ECE) | Parents reported ECE attendance at 9 possible times from 12 months to just prior to starting school. | ||||
 Optimal ECE Amount | 24+ months of centre based care | 1 | CC | 19 | 26.2 (4.7) months |
 Non optimal ECE Amount | Absence of any centre based care &23 months or less of centre based care | 0 | cc | 22 | 11.98 (7.5) months |