Dysmenorrhea among high-school students and its associated factors in Kuwait

Al-Matouq, Sharefah; Al-Mutairi, Hessah; Al-Mutairi, Ohood; Abdulaziz, Fatima; Al-Basri, Dana; Al-Enzi, Mona; Al-Taiar, Abdullah

doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1442-6

BMC Pediatrics

Table 4 Association between dysmenorrhea and potential risk factors among 763 female high-school students in Kuwait in univariable analysis

From: Dysmenorrhea among high-school students and its associated factors in Kuwait

	OR^a	[95% CI]	p-value^b
Variables
Nationality
Non-Kuwaiti	1.00	[Reference]	0.866
Kuwaiti	0.95	[0.53–1.71]	0.866
Father’s education
Intermediate school or below^c	0.84	[0.46–1.55]	0.830
Secondary (high-school)	1.05	[0.65–1.70]
Diploma	0.79	[0.39–1.61]
University and above	1.00	[Reference]
Mother’s education
Intermediate school or below^c	0.89	[0.51–1.55]	0.419
Secondary (high-school)	1.34	[0.78–2.28]
Diploma	0.75	[0.39–1.44]
University and above	1.00	[Reference]
Currently lives
With mother	1.00	[Reference]	0.637
Without the mother	1.43	[0.32–6.27]	0.637
Number of sisters
≤ 2	1.00	[Reference]	0.317
3–4	0.85	[0.54–1.33]
≥ 5	1.52	[0.75–3.06]
Number of brothers
≤ 2	1.00	[Reference]	0.183
3–4	1.32	[0.84–2.08]
≥ 5	0.70	[0.37–1.34]
Passive smoking at household
Yes	0.89	[0.59–1.33]	0.565
No	1.00	[Reference]	0.565
Sleep hours per night during week days
< 6 h	1.64	[0.95–2.82]	0.201
6–7 h	1.18	[0.74–1.89]
> 7 h	1.00	[Reference]
Sleep hours per night during weekends
< 8 h	1.25	[0.74–2.133]	0.647
8–10 h	1.19	[0.75–1.92]
> 10 h	1.00	[Reference]
Presence of disease condition diagnosed by doctor
No	1.00	[Reference]	1.21
Yes	1.21	[0.75–1.95]	1.21
Taking supplements
No	1.00	[Reference]	0.269
Yes	1.29	[0.82–2.02]	0.269
Taking medication
No	1.00	[Reference]	0.077
Yes	2.06	[0.92–4.58]	0.077
History of surgeries
No	1.00	[Reference]	0.143
Yes	1.49	0.87–2.55	0.143
Age of menarche	0.81	[0.70–0.94]	0.005
Regularity of menstrual period^d
Regular	1.00	[Reference]	0.025
Irregular	0.62	[0.41–0.94]	0.025
Duration of menstrual period
≤ 3	1.00	[Reference]	0.081
4–5	2.48	[1.06–5.78]
6–8	2.77	[1.21–6.33]
> 8	1.69	[0.55–5.26]
Number of pads changed in the first three days of the period
4–5	1.00	[Reference]	0.323
≤ 3	0.624	[0.39–0.99]
≥ 6	0.743	[0.44–1.26]
Flow of menstrual period^d
Mild	0.38	[0.17–0.86]	0.009
Moderate	0.70	[0.38–1.30]
Heavy	1.75	[0.70–4.34]
Heavy with clots	1.00	[Reference]
Family history of menstrual pain
No	1.00	[Reference]	0.298
Yes	1.29	[0.79–2.1]	0.298
Diet description by the participant
I eat meat, fish, or both	1.00	[Reference]	0.398
I don’t eat meat or fish/I am vegetarian and eat eggs/I am vegetarian and don’t eat eggs	1.57	[0.55–4.51]	0.398
Weekly consumption of fast food
≤ 2 days	1.00	[Reference]	0.337
≥ 3 days	0.81	[0.52–1.25]	0.337
Weekly fried food consumption
≤ 2 days	1.00	[Reference]	0.344
≥ 3 days	1.22	[0.81–1.83]	0.344
Energy drinks consumption
No	1.00	[Reference]	0.592
Yes	0.88	[0.56–1.39]	0.592
Weekly drinking of coffee
≤ 3 times per week	1.00	[Reference]	0.004
≥ 4 times per week	1.9	[1.23–2.96]	0.004
Weekly drinking of tea
≤ 3 times per week	1.00	[Reference]	0.497
≥ 4 times per week	1.21	[0.7–2.07]	0.497
Weekly drinking of green tea
≤ 3 times per week	1.00	[Reference]	0.547
≥ 4 times per week	1.28	[0.57–2.9]	0.547
Weekly drinking of carbonated drinks
≤ 3 times per week	1.00	[Reference]	0.371
≥ 4 times per week	0.83	[0.54–1.25]	0.371
BMI^e
Normal	1.00	[Reference]	0.212
Overweight	0.82	[0.49–1.35]
Obese	0.59	[0.37–0.96]
Physical activity in the previous week^f
< 3.67 h	1.00	[Reference]	0.983
3.67–9.50 h	0.95	[0.57–1.58]
> 9.50 h	0.97	[0.58–1.61]

^a Crude unadjusted odds ratio; ^b P-values were generated using Chi-square test; ^c Intermediate school or below group included non-educated and primary level education; ^d as reported by the participants; ^e Weight and height were measured and for those who are below 18 years old, z-score was calculated using WHO’s growth chart, otherwise WHO’s BMI classification was used; ^f It includes only 737 participants

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2431

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpediatrics@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com