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Table 3 Odds of sleeping problems for offspring at 14 and 21 years by maternal smoking status

From: Effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy and childhood on child and adolescent sleep outcomes to 21 years: a birth cohort study

  

Maternal Smoking

Maternal Smoking

Sleep

N

Never

Smoked postnatally but not in pregnancy and pre-pregnancy OR (95% CI)

Smoked in pregnancy + other times OR (95% CI)

Never

Smoked postnatally but not in pregnancy and pre-pregnancy OR (95% CI)

Smoked in pregnancy + other times OR (95% CI)

14 y- talks/walks sleep (mothers)

  

Unadjusted

 

Adjusted

 Often/Sometimes

944

1.00

1.10 (0.75, 1.60)

1.38 (1.19, 1.61)

1.00

1.00(0.67, 1.46)

1.23 (1.04, 1.46)

 Rarely/never

2514

1.00

Reference

Reference

1.00

Reference

Reference

Snoring last year (mothers)

 Yes

804

1.00

1.63 (1.13, 2.36)

1.28 (1.08, 1.50)

1.00

1.53 (1.06, 2.23)

1.15 (0.96, 1.38)

 No

2654

1.00

Reference

Reference

1.00

Reference

Reference

Sleeps more than most kids day or night (mothers)

 Often / Sometimes

584

1.00

1.26 (0.82, 1.94)

1.26 (1.05, 1.51)

1.00

1.16 (0.75, 1.80)

1.10 (0.89, 1.34)

 Rarely/never

2889

 

Reference

Reference

1.00

Reference

Reference

Sleep less than most kids day or night (mothers)

 Often/Sometimes

409

1.00

1.56 (0.98, 2.49)

1.32 (1.07, 1.63)

1.00

1.58 (0.98, 2.54)

1.24 (0.97, 1.56)

 Rarely/never

3070

1.00

Reference

Reference

1.00

Reference

Reference

Nightmares (youth)

 Often/sometimes

939

1.00

1.23(0.98, 1.54)

1.31(1.12,1.52)

1.00

1.22(0.84, 1.77)

1.23(1.03,1.46)

 Rarely/never

2502

1.00

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

21 years- nightmares (young adult)

 Yes (somewhat, sometimes or very-often)

607

1.00

0.53 (0.29, 0.99)

1.27 (1.05, 1.53)

1.00

0.50 (0.26, 0.93)

1.14 (0.92, 1.41)

 No

1820

1.00

Reference

Reference

1.00

Reference

Reference

21 years- restlessness in sleep (young adult)

 Three+ per week

382

1.00

0.91 (0.50, 1.67)

1.27 (1.00, 1.61)

1.00

0.80 (0.42, 1.48)

1.03 (0.78, 1.34)

 Once or twice/week

820

1.00

0.51 (0.30, 0.88)

1.14 (0.95, 1.37)

1.00

0.49 (0.28, 0.84)

1.08 (0.88, 1.33)

  < once /week

1201

1.00

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Trouble staying awake

 No

1702

1.00

Reference

Reference

1.00

Reference

Reference

 Yes (<once a week to at least once a week)

748

1.00

0.66 (0.40, 1.10)

0.78 (0.65, 0.93)

1.00

0.65 (0.39, 1.08)

0.80 (0.65, 0.98)

  1. aAdjusted for coffee, tea, alcohol in late pregnancy, maternal age, maternal education, family income, planning of pregnancy and breastfeeding
  2. Odds ratios in bold are significantly different to those of the reference category (P<.05)