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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted models predicting a pain report

From: Prevalence of pain reports in pediatric primary care and association with demographics, body mass index, and exam findings: a cross-sectional study

 

Unadjusted Models

Adjusted Model 1a (n = 26,180)

Adjusted Model 2b (n = 15,954)

OR

90% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

BMI Class

 Normal Weight (Ref)

 Underweight

1.05

(0.9–1.21)

1.14

(0.95–1.37)

1.26

(1–1.58)**

 Overweight

1.13

(1.04–1.22)*

1.09

(0.99–1.2)

1.12

(0.99–1.27)

 Obese

1.28

(1.18–1.39)*

1.23

(1.11–1.35)**

1.2

(1.06–1.36)**

 Severely obese

1.43

(1.29–1.58)*

1.32

(1.17–1.49)**

1.26

(1.08–1.48)**

Age

 2–5 years old (Ref)

 6–11 years old

1.37

(1.28–1.47)*

1.33

(1.22–1.45)**

1.13

(1.02–1.26)**

 12–19 years old

1.44

(1.33–1.55)*

1.47

(1.33–1.61)**

1.25

(1.11–1.41)**

Sex

 Male (Ref)

 Female

1.2

(1.13–1.27)*

1.21

(1.12–1.29)**

1.2

(1.1–1.3)**

Race/ethnicity

 Black (Ref)

      

 Hispanic

1.13

(1.06–1.21)*

1.19

(1–1.41)**

1.28

(1.02–1.6)**

 White

1.24

(1.13–1.37)*

1.52

(1.23–1.88)**

1.58

(1.18–2.11)**

 Other

1.29

(1.18–1.42)*

1.3

(1.02–1.65)**

1.25

(0.89–1.75)

Insurance type

 Public (Ref)

 Commercial

1.01

(0.89–1.13)

1.02

(0.88–1.18)

1.04

(0.86–1.25)

 Other

1.08

(0.95–1.23)

1.1

(0.94–1.29)

1.02

(0.81–1.28)

Clinic site

 Clinic 1 (Ref)

 Clinic 2

1.06

(0.95–1.18)

1.13

(0.95–1.35)

1.12

(0.88–1.42)

 Clinic 3

1.25

(1.15–1.35)*

1.29

(1.11–1.51)**

1.36

(1.11–1.68)**

 Clinic 4

1.2

(1.1–1.31)*

0.75

(0.59–0.96)**

0.98

(0.69–1.39)

 Clinic 5

1.28

(1.18–1.39)*

1.01

(0.85–1.21)

1.18

(0.94–1.49)

Pre-screener form (PSF) medium

 Paper (Ref)

 Tablet

1.73

(1.62–1.84)*

1.77

(1.62–1.93)**

1.73

(1.53–1.96)**

Season

 Autumn (Ref)

 Winter

1.22

(1.14–1.32)*

1.21

(1.1–1.32)**

1.2

(1.08–1.35)**

 Spring

1.11

(1.02–1.21)*

1.15

(1.04–1.27)**

1.18

(1.04–1.35)**

 Summer

0.76

(0.7–0.82)*

0.76

(0.69–0.83)**

0.72

(0.64–0.82)**

Pain reported at preceding visit

 No (Ref)

 Yes

2.86

(2.64–3.11)*

  

2.67

(2.42–2.95)**

Clinic:Race interaction terms

 Clinic 2:Hispanic

  

0.71

(0.41–1.17)

0.66

(0.3–1.31)

 Clinic 2:White

  

0.93

(0.54–1.53)

0.86

(0.41–1.7)

 Clinic 2:Other

  

0.55

(0.22–1.19)

0.33

(0.05–1.16)

 Clinic 3:Hispanic

  

0.89

(0.63–1.23)

1.01

(0.66–1.51)

 Clinic 3:White

  

0.78

(0.55–1.09)

0.86

(0.55–1.35)

 Clinic 3:Other

  

0.71

(0.45–1.08)

0.92

(0.51–1.62)

 Clinic 4:Hispanic

  

1.44

(1.08–1.93)**

1.21

(0.81–1.83)

 Clinic 4:White

  

0.87

(0.58–1.29)

0.74

(0.42–1.31)

 Clinic 4:Other

  

1.38

(0.97–1.96)

1.31

(0.8–2.18)

 Clinic 5:Hispanic

  

0.91

(0.72–1.15)

0.83

(0.62–1.12)

 Clinic 5:White

  

0.93

(0.68–1.28)

0.84

(0.57–1.25)

 Clinic 5:Other

  

0.89

(0.64–1.25)

0.85

(0.55–1.32)

  1. aModel 1: Adjusted for BMI class, age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, pre-screener form medium, season, with race:clinic interaction terms
  2. bModel 2: In addition to Model 1 covariates, includes pain report at prior visit. Limited to patients for whom a pain screen exists at the preceding visit
  3. *P < 0.1, **P < 0.05
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