Fig. 2

The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined in Bukavu, DR Congo for 163 pneumococcal strains isolated from healthy Congolese children. Disc diffusion tests were performed to detect reduced susceptibility to oxacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin or norfloxacin (screening for fluoroquinolone resistance, i.e. levofloxacin and moxifloxacin). For oxacillin non-susceptible isolates, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for penicillin G, ampicillin and ceftriaxone. ^aTMP-SMX = trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ^bMDR = multi-drug resistant, i.e. non-susceptible to ≥3 classes of antibiotics including the beta-lactams