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Table 1 Characteristics of 4251 mothers, fathers and children by child sex

From: Growth patterns from birth to 24 months in Chinese children: a birth cohorts study across China

 

Infant sex

p value

 

Boy

Girl

Sample size

2174

2077

 

Maternal factors

 Maternal age (years)

28.7 ± 3.4

28.6 ± 3.5

0.51

 Pre-pregnancy weight (kg)

53.8 ± 7.8

53.7 ± 8.1

0.92

 Maternal height (cm)

161.3 ± 4.9

161.4 ± 5.0

0.33

 Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

20.7 ± 2.8

20.6 ± 2.8

0.46

Mother Education

 Junior high school or lower

136(6.3)

135(6.6)

0.90

 High school

287(13.4)

266(13.0)

 

 College or above

1725(80.3)

1641(80.4)

 

Mother smoke during pregnancy

 Yes

10(0.5)

7(0.3)

0.53

 No

2148(99.5)

2047(99.7)

 

Parity

 Primiparous

1958(90.2)

1885(90.9)

0.44

 parous

212(9.8)

188(9.1)

 

Mode of Delivery

 Vaginal delivery

994(45.8)

957(46.2)

0.79

 C-section

1177(54.2)

1115(53.8)

 

Paternal factors

 Father age (years)

30.6 ± 4.4

30.6 ± 4.6

0.69

 Father height (cm)

174.2 ± 5.2

174.6 ± 5.3

0.04

 Father weight (kg)

72.5 ± 11.2

73.1 ± 11.7

0.14

 Father BMI (kg/m2)

23.9 ± 3.2

23.9 ± 3.3

0.56

Father smoke during mother pregnancy

 Yes

568(32.1)

567(34.0)

0.25

 No

1199(67.9)

1101(66.0)

 

Infant factors

 Birth weight (g)

3399 ± 404

3309 ± 392

< 0.001

 Birth length (cm)

50.2 ± 1.4

49.8 ± 1.3

< 0.001

 Birth head circumference (cm)

34.1 ± 1.1

34.0 ± 1.0

0.01

 Gestational age (weeks)

39.1 ± 1.0

39.3 ± 1.0

< 0.001

Breastfeeding Type (0–6 months)

 Formula feeding

168(8.7)

172(9.4)

0.36

 Exclusive Breastfeeding

252(13.0)

252(13.7)

 

 Mixed feeding

1518(78.3)

1412(76.9)

 

Children passive smoking

 No

1187(72.7)

1125(71.5)

0.44

 Yes

445(27.3)

448(28.5)

 
  1. Data were presented as mean ± SD, and n (%)
  2. χ2 test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables