Table 2 Factors associated with Rickets among children with severe Pneumonia
Variable | Rickets Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (%) | No (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 13(5.9) | 115(52.0) | 1 | |
Female | 8 (3.6) | 85(38.5) | 0.83(0.33–2.10) | 0.698 |
Age group | ||||
< 24 months | 19 (8.6) | 165 (75.0) | 1 | |
≥ 24 months | 2 (0.9) | 34 (15.5) | 0.51 (0.11–2.30) | 0.381 |
Birth Weight | ||||
< 2.5 kg | 3 (1.4) | 28 (12.7) | 1 | |
≥ 2.5 kg | 18 (8.1) | 172 (77.8) | 0.98 (0.27–3.53) | 0.971 |
No. of previous admissions | ||||
None | 14 (6.3) | 121 (54.7) | 1 | |
2 or more | 7(3.2) | 79 (35.8) | 0.77 (0.30–1.98) | 0.582 |
Breastfeeding | ||||
Yes | 16 (7.2) | 125 (56.6) | 1 | |
No | 5(2.3) | 75 (33.9) | 0.52 (0.18–1.48) | 0.221 |
Vegetarian | ||||
Yes | 3 (1.4) | 23 (10.4) | 1 | |
No | 18 (8.1) | 177(80.1) | 0.78(0.21–2.86) | 0.707 |
Delay in milestones | ||||
Yes | 7(3.2) | 39 (17.6) | 1 | |
No | 14(6.3) | 161(72.9) | 0.48 (0.18–1.28) | 0.144 |
Exposure to sun | ||||
Yes | 13 (5.9) | 164(72.2) | 1 | |
No | 8 (3.6) | 36 (16.3) | 2.80 (1.08–7.26) | 0.034 |
aWAZ score | ||||
> −2 z score | 13 (6.6) | 120 (60.6) | 1 | |
wasting | ||||
≤ −2 z score | 4 (2.0) | 61 (30.8) | 0.61 (0.19–1.94) | 0.397 |
Any clinical Features of rickets | ||||
No | 14 (6.3) | 152(68.8) | 1 | |
Yes | 7 (3.2) | 48 (21.7) | 1.58 (0.60–4.15) | 0.350 |
Serum Ca | ||||
Normal/high | 14 (6.3) | 185(83.7) | 1 | |
Low | 7(3.2) | 15(6.8) | 6.17(2.16–17.60) | 0.001 |
Serum phosphorus | ||||
Normal | 13 (5.9) | 172(78.2) | 1 | |
Low | 8 (3.6) | 27 (12.3) | 3.92(1.49–10.34) | 0.006 |
Alkaline Phosphatase | ||||
Normal/low | 5(2.3) | 184 (83.3) | 36.8 (11.93–113.54) | 0.000 |
High | 16 (7.2) | 16 (7.2) | ||